K. Kohri

Effect of functional magnetic particles on radiofrequency capacitive heating

Magnetic particles (magnetite) were used to make radio frequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia effective to a specific site. In an agar phantom experiment, a magnetite‐containing agar piece was buried in a large agar phantom and heated by an 8 MHz‐RF capacitive heating device. The magnetite‐containing agar piece was heated more than the magnetite‐free agar phantom, and the specific adsorption rate in the phantom was increased 1.5 times by the magnetite particles. The temperature distribution in the large agar phantom showed that the highest temperature was obtained at the center of the magnetite‐containing piece. The rate of temperature increase was approximately proportional to the magnetite concentration to the power 0.8. This method was applied to an in vivo experiment using a pig. Magnetite was prepared as a colloidal material dispersed in a carboxymethylcellulose solution (CMC‐Mag) and intramuscularly injected in the pig femur. As a result of 8 MHz‐RF heating, the temperature at the CMC‐Mag‐injected point increased to over 43°C after 7 min, while the temperature at a point without magnetite was under 40°C at the same time. The specific adsorption rate in the magnetite‐containing tissue was twice that of the magnetite‐ free tissue. In addition, the time required to reach a temperature of over 43°C was only 7 min, while it was over 15 min in the case without the CMC‐Mag.

Aberration of chromosomes 8 and 11 in bladder cancer as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Abstract Although a bladder cancer-specific abnormality in chromosomes or genes has not been reported, chromosomal regions that tend to become abnormal have been recognized. In this study, we investigated abnormalities in chromosomes 8 and 11. There were 27 patients with bladder cancer, 16 males and 11 females, who participated in this study. Abnormalities in chromosomes 8 and 11 were investigated by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. Probes used in this study were chromosome 8α-satellite and chromosome 11α-satellite (Oncor Co.). Of 27 cases, 15 cases were positive for chromosome 8 (55.6%) and ten cases were positive for chromosome 11 (37.0%). Since the FISH method detects chromosomal abnormality by the number of signals generated in cancer cells, this method is objective and simple and thus may be applicable in clinical practice.

Clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism: preoperative localization and parathyroidectory.

The introduction of the multichannel autoanalyser made measurement of serum calcium concentrations easier, and led to a dramatic change in clinical presentations. The reliable methods such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid glands has long been sought to increase the cure rate of surgical treatment. We report the clinical feature of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Patients were classified into four stages in chronological order. The early patients (the first stage, 1970-1979) were mainly diagnosed in the treatment of urolithiasis. Approximately 20% of patients in the second stage (1980-1986) were symptom-free, and hypercalcemia was detected by autoanalyzer. Patients in the third stage (1987-1993) underwent preoperative localization studies including CT. scintigraphy, ultrasonography and MRI. The recent patients (the fourth stage, 1993-1999) were mostly treated in the present hospital. In the first stage, PHPT was an uncommon metabolic disorder hat was typically associated with nephrolithiasis and was two to three times more common in men than in women. In the second, third and fourth stages, PHPT is a common and often symptomless endocrine disorder. The ratio of male to female is decreasing, because men are dominant in stone-formers. Four parathyroid glands were searched carefully in the first and second stages, and unilateral cervical exploration was performed in some preoperatively localized parathyroid glands in the third and fourth stages.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of p53 and Retinoblastoma proteins in relation to hyperthermia treatment: results in human urothelial carcinomas

Immunohistochemical staining of urothelial tumours using paraffin-embedded tissue blocks was performed for p53 and Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins, to characterize any correlation with sensitivity to hyperthermia treatment. Seventeen patients with primary urothelial tumours (16 of the bladder and one of the ureter) treated at our institute between July, 1987 and March, 1993 were included in this study; tissues investigated consisted of 16 transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) (6 Grade2 (G2), 6 G3, 2 G2 > G3, 1 G3 > squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 1 undifferentiated carcinoma > G3), and 1 SCC. One case was Tis, 4, 3, 1, and 4, were T1 to T4, respectively, and 4 were post-cystectomy. Clinically, in terms of response to treatment, there were four complete response (CR) cases, four partial response (PR) cases, six no change (NC) cases, and three progressive disease (PD) cases, the total in which treatment was effective thus accounting for approximately half of those examined (CR + PR, 47%). Immunohistochemically, six of eight pre-hyperthermia lesions which demonstrated positive staining for RB were CRs or PRs, 75% of which were high-grade lesions, and 50% exhibited invasion and lymph node metastasis. Only three in total were positive for p53 staining, two of which were T4 and these both responded to treatment. The results suggested that RB gene expression may be related to heat sensitivity to some degree.

UP-3.039: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Instillation for Primary And Recurring T1G3 Bladder Cancers

INSTRUCTIONnWith T1G3 bladder cancer, it remains unresolved whether the best treatment option is bladder preservation or total cystectomy. To assess the feasibility of the first option, we performed a clinical evaluation of the efficacy of intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for prevention of T1G3 bladder cancer recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt).nnnMETHODSnA total of 30 patients with T1G3 bladder cancers received 6 to 8 weekly instillations of BCG followed in some cases by further applications at monthly intervals.nnnRESULTSnRecurrence occurred in 13 cases. There were 6 patients with progression, total cystectomy being performed for 5 of these. Further BCG-including treatments were performed in 7 patients, and all of them were alive at the end of the follow-up period. Finally, bladder preservation proved successful in 24 of 30 cases.nnnCONCLUSIONnIntravesical instillation of BCG in high-risk T1G3 cases, including additional BCG treatment, proved effective and satisfactory in our series. Therefore, this option warrants emphasis with regard to its relative merit compared to total cystectomy.