K.L. Jerina

Deformation behavior of a rapidly solidified fine grained Al-8.5%Fe-1.2%V-1.7%Si alloy

Abstract Deformation characteristics of a rapidly solidified dispersion strengthened Al-8.5% Fe-1.2% V-1.7% Si alloy processed by planar flow casting was studied by tension testing at 25–420°C, compression testing at 25°C and hardness tests. The as-processed alloy shows non-linear elastic behavior, yield drop, low uniform and total elongation, serrated yielding, stress relaxation, flow softening and anomalous strain rate dependence of ductility. The results indicate that greater dynamic recovery due to fine grains (

Creep-fatigue life prediction of in situ composite solders

Eutectic tin-lead solder alloys subjected to cyclic loading at room temperature experience creep-fatigue interactions due to high homologous temperature. Intermetallic reinforcements of Ni3Sn4 and Cu6Sn5 are incorporated into eutectic tin-lead alloy by rapid solidification processes to formin situ composite solders. In this study, thein situ composite solders were subjected to combined creep and fatigue deformation at room temperature. Under cyclic deformation, the dominant damage mechanism ofin situ composite solders is proposed to be growth of cavities. A constrained cavity growth model is applied to predict creep-fatigue life by taking into account the tensile loading component as well as the compressive loading component when reversed processes can occur. An algorithm to calculate cavity growth in each fatigue cycle is used to predict the number of fatigue cycles to failure, based on a critical cavity size of failure. Calculated lives are compared to experimental data under several fatigue histories, which include fully reversed stress-controlled fatigue, zero-tension stress-controlled fatigue, stress-controlled fatigue with tension hold time, fully reversed strain-controlled fatigue, and zero-tension straincontrolled fatigue. The model predicts the creep-fatigue lives within a factor of 2 with the incorporation of an appropriate compressive healing factor in most cases. Discrepancy between calculated lives and experimental results is discussed.

High-temperature deformation of titanium aluminide alloys

Abstract The high-temperature deformation characteristics of Ti- x Al ( x = 41, 48, 52 at.%) alloys at 1200–1300 °C and effective strain rates of 10 −3 −10 −1 s −1 with (cast + HIPed) and (cast + HIPed + forged) starting microstructures were studied to understand the deformation of two-phase γ + α 2 alloys in terms of the deformation characteristics of individual phases. No one mechanism predominates in the deformation of these alloys. Dynamic recovery operates mainly at high temperature, at low strain rate and in forged microstructure. Dynamic recrystallization operates at low temperature, at high strain rate and ingot microstructure. Increasing flow stress is prevalent only in forged Ti-52Al and at low strain rates. A simple rule-of-mixtures model is inadequate to explain the deformation of Ti-48Al in terms of its constituent phases.

Undercooling and supersaturation of alloying elements in rapidly solidified Al-8.5% Fe-1.2% V-1.7% Si alloy

Dispersion-strengthened Al-8.5% Fe-1.2% V-1.7% Si alloy was produced by inert gas atomization and atomized melt deposition processes. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to estimate the extent of undercooling in the alloy powders as a function of powder size and in the atomized melt-deposited alloy as a function of process parameters. The estimated undercooling was found to be a strong function of powder size and processing conditions and varied from 380−200 °C. Alloy powders of diameter greater than 180 jam did not experience any undercooling during solidification. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to study the dependence of supersaturation of alloying elements and metastable phase formation on the extent of undercooling. When the undercooled alloy was heated to about 400 dgC, formation of Al12(Fe, V)3Si phase with b c c crystal structure from the supersaturated matrix was observed.

The effect of alloying additions on the high temperature deformation characteristics of Ti-48Al (at%) alloys

Addition of ternary and quaternary alloying elements at levels between one and three atomic percent increase the room temperature ductility of Ti-48Al (at%) based titanium aluminides. In this investigation the deformation characteristics of Ti-48Al-2X (X = Cr, Mn) alloys at temperatures of 1,200 C to 1,300 C and strain rates of 10{sup {minus}3}s{sup {minus}1} to 10{sup {minus}1}s{sup {minus}1} were studied and compared with the deformation characteristics of Ti-48Al using the same conditions. Three titanium aluminide alloys with target compositions of Ti-48Al, Ti-48Al-2Cr, and Ti-48Al-2Mn (at%) were induction skull melted and cast into 69.85 mm. diameter ingots. The cast ingots were hot isostatically pressed (HIPed) at 103.5 MPa, 1,177 C for 4 hours to close casting porosity and homogenize the alloy microstructure and composition. Cylindrical test specimens 10 mm dia by 15 mm height were excised by EDM from the ingot and were subjected to isothermal compression testing in air at 1,200--1,300 C and the effective strain rates of 10{sup {minus}3}--10{sup {minus}1}s{sup {minus}1}.

Fatigue crack growth rates and fracture toughness of rapidly solidified Al-8.5 pct Fe-1.2 pct V-1.7 pct Si alloys

The room-temperature fatigue crack growth rates (FCGR) and fracture toughness were evaluated for different crack plane orientations of an Al-8.5 Pct Fe-1.2 Pct V-1.7 Pct Si alloy produced by planar flow casting (PFC) and atomized melt deposition (AMD) processes. For the alloy produced by the PFC process, properties were determined in six different orientations, including the short transverse directions S-T and S-L. Diffusion bonding and adhesive bonding methods were used to prepare specimens for determining FCGR and fracture toughness in the short transverse direction. Interparticle boundaries control fracture properties in the alloy produced by PFC. Fracture toughness of the PFC alloy varies from 13.4 MPa√m to 30.8 MPa√m, depending on the orientation of the crack plane relative to the interparticle boundaries. Fatigue crack growth resistance and fracture toughness are greater in the L-T, L-S, and T-S directions than in the T-L, S-T, and S-L orientations. The alloy produced by AMD does not exhibit anisotropy in fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth resistance in the as-deposited condition or in the extruded condition. The fracture toughness varies from 17.2 MPa√m to 18.5 MPa√m for the as-deposited condition and from 19.8 MPa√m to 21.0 MPa√m for the extruded condition. Fracture properties are controlled by intrinsic factors in the alloy produced by AMD. Fatigue crack growth rates of the AMD alloy are comparable to those of the PFC alloy in the L-T orientation. The crack propagation modes were studied by optical metallographic examination of crack-microstructure interactions and scanning electron microscopy of the fracture surfaces.