K.N. Rai

A numerical study on dual-phase-lag model of bio-heat transfer during hyperthermia treatment.

The success of hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer depends on the precise prediction and control of temperature. It was absolutely a necessity for hyperthermia treatment planning to understand the temperature distribution within living biological tissues. In this paper, dual-phase-lag model of bio-heat transfer has been studied using Gaussian distribution source term under most generalized boundary condition during hyperthermia treatment. An approximate analytical solution of the present problem has been done by Finite element wavelet Galerkin method which uses Legendre wavelet as a basis function. Multi-resolution analysis of Legendre wavelet in the present case localizes small scale variations of solution and fast switching of functional bases. The whole analysis is presented in dimensionless form. The dual-phase-lag model of bio-heat transfer has compared with Pennes and Thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer and it has been found that large differences in the temperature at the hyperthermia position and time to achieve the hyperthermia temperature exist, when we increase the value of τT. Particular cases when surface subjected to boundary condition of 1st, 2nd and 3rd kind are discussed in detail. The use of dual-phase-lag model of bio-heat transfer and finite element wavelet Galerkin method as a solution method helps in precise prediction of temperature. Gaussian distribution source term helps in control of temperature during hyperthermia treatment. So, it makes this study more useful for clinical applications.

Solution of the heat transfer problem in tissues during hyperthermia by finite difference-decomposition method

In this article, a mathematical model describing the process of heat transfer in biological tissues with blood perfusion having different values under different temperature range for various coordinate system and different boundary conditions during thermal therapy by electromagnetic radiation is studied. Using the method of finite differences, the boundary value problem governing this process has been converted to an initial value problem of ordinary differential equations, which is solved by the Adomian decomposition method. The effects of blood perfusion rate intended for a different temperature range of temperature at target point during thermal therapy for different boundary conditions are discussed in detail. And we have also checked our results with the result of exact solutions for one case and it shows a good agreement.

A multi-term fractional diffusion equation for oxygen delivery through a capillary to tissues

In this article, we propose a new mathematical model, namely a multi-term fractional diffusion equation, for oxygen delivery through a capillary to tissues. Fractional calculus is applied to describe the phenomenon of subdiffusion of oxygen in both transverse and longitudinal directions. A new iterative method (NIM) and a modified Adomian decomposition method (MDM) are used to solve the multi-term fractional diffusion equation for different conditions. The results thus obtained are compared and presented graphically. It is observed that the order of the diffusion equation affects the delivery of oxygen significantly.

Solution of fractional bioheat equations by finite difference method and HPM

Abstract In this paper, we present a mathematical model of space–time fractional bioheat equation governing the process of heat transfer in tissues during thermal therapy. Using fractional backward finite difference scheme, the problem is converted into an initial value problem of vector-matrix form and homotopy perturbation method is used to solve it. Results are interpreted in the form of standard case and anomalous cases for taking different orders of space and time fractional derivatives.

Application of He's homotopy perturbation method for multi‐dimensional fractional Helmholtz equation

Purpose – This purpose of this paper is to find the approximate analytical solutions of a multidimensional partial differential equation such as Helmholtz equation with space fractional derivatives α,β,γ (1<α,β,γ≤2). The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense.Design/methodology/approach – By using initial values, the explicit solutions of the equation are solved with powerful mathematical tools such as Hes homotopy perturbation method (HPM).Findings – This result reveals that the HPM demonstrates the effectiveness, validity, potentiality and reliability of the method in reality and gives the exact solution.Originality/value – The most important part of this method is to introduce a homotopy parameter (p), which takes values from [0,1]. When p=0, the equation usually reduces to a sufficiently initial form, which normally admits a rather simple solution. When p→1, the system goes through a sequence of deformations, the solution for each of which is close to that at the previous stage of d...

A study on DPL model of heat transfer in bi-layer tissues during MFH treatment

In this paper, dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer model subjected to Fourier and non-Fourier boundary conditions for bi-layer tissues has been solved using finite element Legendre wavelet Galerkin method (FELWGM) during magnetic fluid hyperthermia. FELWGM localizes small scale variation of solution and fast switching of functional bases. It has been observed that moderate hyperthermia temperature range (41-46°C) can be better achieved in spherical symmetric coordinate system and treatment method will be independent of the Fourier and non-Fourier boundary conditions used. The effect of phase-lag times has been observed only in tumor region. FCC FePt magnetic nano-particle produces more effective treatment with respect to other magnetic nano-particles. The effect of variability of magnetic heat source parameters (magnetic induction, frequency, diameter of magnetic nano-particles, volume fractional of magnetic nano-particles and ligand layer thickness) has been investigated. The physical property of these parameters has been described in detail during magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment and also discussed the clinical application of MFH in Oncology.

Non-linear dual-phase-lag model for analyzing heat transfer phenomena in living tissues during thermal ablation.

In this article, a non-linear dual-phase-lag (DPL) bio-heat transfer model based on temperature dependent metabolic heat generation rate is derived to analyze the heat transfer phenomena in living tissues during thermal ablation treatment. The numerical solution of the present non-linear problem has been done by finite element Runge-Kutta (4,5) method which combines the essence of Runge-Kutta (4,5) method together with finite difference scheme. Our study demonstrates that at the thermal ablation position temperature predicted by non-linear and linear DPL models show significant differences. A comparison has been made among non-linear DPL, thermal wave and Pennes model and it has been found that non-linear DPL and thermal wave bio-heat model show almost same nature whereas non-linear Pennes model shows significantly different temperature profile at the initial stage of thermal ablation treatment. The effect of Fourier number and Vernotte number (relaxation Fourier number) on temperature profile in presence and absence of externally applied heat source has been studied in detail and it has been observed that the presence of externally applied heat source term highly affects the efficiency of thermal treatment method.

A study on thermal damage during hyperthermia treatment based on DPL model for multilayer tissues using finite element Legendre wavelet Galerkin approach

Hyperthermia is a process that uses heat from the spatial heat source to kill cancerous cells without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. Efficacy of hyperthermia technique is related to achieve temperature at the infected cells during the treatment process. A mathematical model on heat transfer in multilayer tissues in finite domain is proposed to predict the control temperature profile at hyperthermia position. The treatment technique uses dual-phase-lag model of heat transfer in multilayer tissues with modified Gaussian distribution heat source subjected to the most generalized boundary condition and interface at the adjacent layers. The complete dual-phase-lag model of bioheat transfer is solved using finite element Legendre wavelet Galerkin approach. The present solution has been verified with exact solution in a specific case and provides a good accuracy. The effect of the variability of different parameters such as lagging times, external heat source, metabolic heat source and the most generalized boundary condition on temperature profile in multilayer tissues is analyzed and also discussed the effective approach of hyperthermia treatment. Furthermore, we studied the modified thermal damage model with regeneration of healthy tissues as well. For viewpoint of thermal damage, the least thermal damage has been observed in boundary condition of second kind. The article concludes with a discussion of better opportunities for future clinical application of hyperthermia treatment.

Numerical simulation of time fractional dual-phase-lag model of heat transfer within skin tissue during thermal therapy

In this paper, we investigated the thermal behavior in living biological tissues using time fractional dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer (DPLBHT) model subjected to Dirichelt boundary condition in presence of metabolic and electromagnetic heat sources during thermal therapy. We solved this bioheat transfer model using finite element Legendre wavelet Galerkin method (FELWGM) with help of block pulse function in sense of Caputo fractional order derivative. We compared the obtained results from FELWGM and exact method in a specific case, and found a high accuracy. Results are interpreted in the form of standard and anomalous cases for taking different order of time fractional DPLBHT model. The time to achieve hyperthermia position is discussed in both cases as standard and time fractional order derivative. The success of thermal therapy in the treatment of metastatic cancerous cell depends on time fractional order derivative to precise prediction and control of temperature. The effect of variability of parameters such as time fractional derivative, lagging times, blood perfusion coefficient, metabolic heat source and transmitted power on dimensionless temperature distribution in skin tissue is discussed in detail. The physiological parameters has been estimated, corresponding to the value of fractional order derivative for hyperthermia treatment therapy.

Numerical solution of non-linear dual-phase-lag bioheat transfer equation within skin tissues

This paper deals with numerical modeling and simulation of heat transfer in skin tissues using non-linear dual-phase-lag (DPL) bioheat transfer model under periodic heat flux boundary condition. The blood perfusion is assumed temperature-dependent which results in non-linear DPL bioheat transfer model in order to predict more accurate results. A numerical method of line which is based on finite difference and Runge-Kutta (4,5) schemes, is used to solve the present non-linear problem. Under specific case, the exact solution has been obtained and compared with the present numerical scheme, and we found that those are in good agreement. A comparison based on model selection criterion (AIC) has been made among non-linear DPL models when the variation of blood perfusion rate with temperature is of constant, linear and exponential type with the experimental data and it has been found that non-linear DPL model with exponential variation of blood perfusion rate is closest to the experimental data. In addition, it is found that due to absence of phase-lag phenomena in Pennes bioheat transfer model, it achieves steady state more quickly and always predict higher temperature than thermal and DPL non-linear models. The effect of coefficient of blood perfusion rate, dimensionless heating frequency and Kirchoff number on dimensionless temperature distribution has also been analyzed. The whole analysis is presented in dimensionless form.