K. N. Semenov

The solubility of fullerenes in n-alkanols-1

The isothermal and polythermal solubility of C60 and fullerene mixture (60% C60, 39% C70, and 1% C76–90) in unbranched saturated alcohols C1–C11 was studied over the temperature range 20–80°C. The isotherms and polytherms of solubility are presented and characterized.

Extraction equilibria in the fullerene-containing system C60-C70-1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-ethanol-H2O

The liquid (I)-liquid (II) extraction equilibria in the five-component system fullerene C60-fullerene C70-1,2,4-C6H3Cl3-C2H5OH-H2O were studied at 25°C. Isothermal diagrams of distribution of the fullerene components among stratifying liquid phases at a constant content of H2O were obtained.

Synthesis and identification of fullerenol prepared by the direct oxidation route

A route was developed for synthesis of fullerenol, which was further identified by electron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, optical microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry.

Temperature Dependence of the Light Fullerenes Solubility in Natural Oils and Animal Fats

Polythermal solubility of individual light fullerenes (C60, C70) and industrial fullerene mixture (60% C60, 39% C70, 1% C76–90) in natural oils (unrefined and refined sunflower‐seed oil, corn oil, olive oil, linseed‐oil, apricot‐kernel oil, grape‐seed oil, pignolia oil, walnut oil) and animal fats (pork fat, chicken fat, beef fat, margarine, lamb fat, desi) is investigated; temperature dependences of solubility are presented and characterized; composition of solid solvates is determined.

Phase equilibria in fullerene-containing systems as a basis for development of manufacture and application processes for nanocarbon materials

This review is the first attempt to integrate the available data on all types of phase equilibria (solubility, extraction and sorption) in systems containing light fullerenes (C60 and C70). In the case of solubility diagrams, the following types of phase equilibria are considered: individual fullerene (C60 or C70)–solvent under polythermal and polybaric conditions; C60–C70–solvent, individual fullerene–solvent(1)–solvent(2), as well as multicomponent systems comprising a single fullerene or an industrial mixture of fullerenes and vegetable oils, animal fats or essential oils under polythermal conditions. All published experimental data on the extraction equilibria in C60–C70–liquid phase(1)–liquid phase(2) systems are described systematically and the sorption characteristics of various materials towards light fullerenes are estimated. The possibility of application of these experimental data for development of pre-chromatographic and chromatographic methods for separation of fullerene mixtures and application of fullerenes as nanomodifiers are described. The bibliography includes 87 references.

Caprolons modified with fullerenes and fulleroid materials

Conditions for the preparation of modified Caprolons were determined and optimized. A number of laboratory and industrial samples was prepared. Their main mechanical, physicochemical, and electrical properties were determined.

Solubility and some properties of aqueous solutions of fullerenol-d and composition of crystal hydrates

Method of isothermal saturation in ampules was used to study the solubility of fullerenol in distilled water in the temperature range 20–80°C and to determine the composition of its equilibrium crystal hydrates. The pycnometric technique was employed to examine how the density depends of the concentration of fullerenol solutions and the average molar and partial molar volumes of the components in solution at 25°C was calculated. The method of refractometry was used to study the dependence of the refractive index on the concentration of fullerenol solutions and the specific refraction of the solutions was calculated.

Synthesis and protection effect of fullerenol-d

Methods for synthesizing and identifying water-soluble fullerenes (fullerenols) were developed. When used as additives to corrosive media, fullerenes exhibit weak catalytic activity towards electrochemical corrosion of aluminum and steel. On the contrary, after the treatment of aluminum and steel with aqueous solution of fullerenols, the rate of electrochemical corrosion (in 0.25 N solution of sulfuric acid) increases by a factor of almost ten. At the same time, the specific surface electric conductance of aluminum and steel decreases by ten orders of magnitude. Thus, the metallic surface acquires insulating properties.

The solubility of C70 in n-alkanols-1 C1-C11 over the temperature range 20–80°C

The isothermal (20°C) solubility of fullerene C70 in solvents of the homologous series of nonbranched saturated alcohols C1-C11 and polythermal (20–80°C) solubility of fullerene C70 in solvents of the homologous series of nonbranched saturated alcohols C4-C11 were studied. The corresponding solubility diagrams are presented and characterized.

Solubility of fullerenes in n-alkanoic acids C2–C9

The solubility of fullerene C60 and a fullerene mixture [C60 (75%), C70 (24%), C76–80 (1%)] in linear alkanoic acids (C2–C9) was determined at 20°C. The solubilities of C60 and a fullerene mixture in carboxylic acids were examined in relation to the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid.