K.S.N. Reddy

ABO and Rh (D) Blood Groups among the Desuri Reddis of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract A total of 190 unrelated Desuri Reddi individuals from Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups. The order of occurrence of ABO phenotypes is O>B>A. The corresponding allele frequencies are found to be 0.6728(O); 0.1839 (B) and 0.1433 (A). The allele frequency of D (0.7098) is more than d (0.2902). The present study was compared with the other studies reported to understand the affinity between them.

Overall and Abdominal Adiposity on Blood Pressure: Consistency and Evaluation of their Association in an Adult Indian Population

Abstract To assess the relationship and consistency of overall and abdominal obesity on blood pressure in adult Indian population using cross-sectional descriptive design collected height, weight, circumferences of waist and hip, systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP besides the information on demographic variables from 303 males + 357 females (untreated for hypertension) between 21-60 years. Men were found to have higher abdominal obesity (0.90±0.07) than women (0.84±0.08) (p<0.05) while there was no difference in body mass index (BMI). Average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) found to increase linearly over the whole variation range of BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR) and age groups. The correlation coefficients of SBP and DBP for age, varied from 0.153-0.275 (p<0.05) in men, 0.219-0.171 in women. In males, adiposity indicators (BMI, WHR) were positively associated with blood pressure, while in females, only BMI shown positive association. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and BMI quartiles. Men with higher WHR are 2.988 times, and women with higher WHR are 1.177 times at risk to develop hypertension. The odds of hypertension were more than six-fold among the elderly in male sex (OR=6.213:95%CI;1.815,21.273), but in females it is only two-fold (OR= 2.423: 95%CI;0.801,7.334). The odds of hypertension rose steadily with increase in BMI reaching 7.579 (95CI;1.510,38.046) in males and 15.56 (95%CI;1.883,128.526) in females with BMI >25 kgm-2. Adjustment for age, decreased the odds of hypertension in males and increased in females in the BMI category of >25 kgm-2, while no change in the remaining quartiles. These findings suggest consistent linear relation of adiposity with BP, independent of age.

Distribution of ABO and RH(D) Blood Groups in Motati Reddi of Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract A total of 190 unrelated Motati Reddi individuals of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh were studied for the phenotype and allele frequency distribution of ABO and RH(D) blood groups. In terms of allele frequencies, ABO*B (0.2260) was found to be higher than ABO*A (0.1865), and RH*D (0.7487) higher than RH*d (0.2513) in the studied population.

Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Waste Fried Vegetable Oil in Based Biodiesel in High Grade Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of a high grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with air gap insulated piston, air gap insulated liner and ceramic coated cylinder head (ceramic coating of thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head) with different operating conditions (normal temperature and pre-heated temperature) of waste fried vegetable oil based diesel (WFVOBD) with varied injection pressure and injection timing and compared the performance with one over the other and also with pure diesel operation on conventional engine (CE). Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Exhaust emissions of smoke and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were recorded at different values of BMEP. Combustion characteristics at peak load operation of the engine were measured with TDC (top dead centre) encoder, pressure transducer, console and special pressure-crank angle software package. CE showed compatible performance, while LHR engine showed improved performance with waste fried vegetable oil in biodiesel form at recommended injection timing and pressure and the performance of both version of the engine improved with advanced injection timing and at higher injection pressure when compared with CE with pure diesel operation. The optimum injection timing was 33 o bTDC for CE while it is 32 o bTDC with LHR engine with biodiesel operation. Relatively, peak brake thermal efficiency increased by 18%, at peak load operation-brake specific energy consumption decreased by 6%, exhaust gas temperature decreased by 75 o C , volumetric effi- ciency decreased by 5%, coolant load decreased by 30%, sound intensity decreased by 35%, smoke levels decreased by 27% and NOx levels increased by 41% with biodiesel operation on LHR engine at its optimum injection timing, when compared with pure diesel operation on CE at manufacturers recommended injection timing.

A Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics Among Sugalis, a Tribal Population of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract Bilateral palm prints of 75 males and 75 females of Sugali, a tribal population of Andhra Prdesh were analysed for principal main line formulae, C- line polymorphism, main line index, a-b ridge count and ‘atd’ angle. Main line formulae occur in the order of 11-9-7 > 9-7-5 > 7-5-5 among males and 9-7-5 > 11-9-7 > 7-5-5 among females and shows significant bilateral and bisexual variation. C- line terminations show preponderance of ulnar endings in both males (37.33%) and females (40.67%) with significant bilateral difference only among males. Main line index value is found to be more among males (8.33 ± 0.31) than that of females (7.30 ± 0.24) the bisexual variation is statistically significant. a-b ridge counts are found to be higher on left palms than the right ones and both the sexes show significant bilateral difference. Similar trend was observed for ‘atd’ angle but the differences fall short of significance.

Metabolic Pr ofile and Body Fat Distribution in Diabetic Hypertensives and Normotensives

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the metabolic profile and body fat distribution in diabetic hypertensives and normotensives. Information on subject’s demographics, life styles, disease history, anthropometry, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipids were assessed among 91 hypertensives and 179 normotensives. In the present sample, overweight and obesity recorded to an extent of 80 percent in hypertensives and 68 percent in normotensives. Hypertensives possess higher levels of blood pressure, pulse rate, fasting and post prandial blood sugar and triglycerides. Thirty-eight percent of the variance in SBP and thirty-six percent of the variance in DBP levels were explained by independent variables like age, body mass index and post prandial blood sugar. The ODD’s of hypertension were: obesity, 2.83; 95% CI: 1.29-6.19, fasting blood glucose, 5.78; 95% CI: 1.96-17.09, Post prandial blood glucose, 5.11; 95% CI: 1.14-22.85, triglycerides, 5.73; 95% CI: 2.22-14.83. In conclusion the results indicate that age, body mass index and post prandial blood sugar levels are significant risk factors in developing hypertension. Hence preventive strategies warranted towards the management of hypertension.

Association of Anthropometric Parameters with Blood Pressure in Urban Adult Females of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract An attempt has been made in the present cross-sectional study to know the association between overweight/obesity and hypertension in an adult female population from Tirupati town of Andhra Pradesh, India. Data on body mass index, waist and hip circumference, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, other demographic and life style measures were collected from 772 adult healthy females. The percentage prevalences were hypertension: 5.41%; obesity: 1.4% and WHR: 66.29%. Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not show significant variation across the BMI quintiles, however BMI>25.0 kg/m2 evinced with an increased blood pressure. A significant increase in mean SBP (0.381, p < 0.05) and DBP (0.343, p < 0.05) are noticed with advancement of age. The odds of hypertension are : >60 yrs (0.12, 95%CI; 0.06, 0.26), overweigh (1.34, 95% CI, 0.29, 6.13), obesity (4.37, 95%CI: 0.86, 22.18), higher socio-economic status (1.24, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.53), mild physical activity (17.10, 95%CI: 6.97, 41.97. In conclusion, it is attributed that body mass index is associated with hypertension under the changing socio-economic and life style transition.

Factors Affecting Fertility and Mortality: A Case Study among the Setti Balija Community of Andhra Pradesh

Abstract An attempt is made in this paper to find out the influence of bio-social factors on fertility and mortality among Setti Balija of Southern Andhra Pradesh. Data pertaining to socio-economic and bio-demographic characters have been collected from a total of 200 couples. Out of them, 81 are consanguineous (40.50%) and 119 are nonconsanguineous (59.50%) marriages. The mean sex-linked (FX) value (0.0365) is slightly higher than the mean autosomal (FA) value (0.0307). All fertility components are higher for non-consanguineous couples compared to the consanguineous couples. However, reverse trend is observed for mortality measures. Low income group shows high fertility and mortality than middle and high income groups. The age at menarche is correlated strongly with the age at marriage. The net survivorship is high (87 to 89) among women of middle range age (14-15 years) at menarcheal age followed by women of late age (16+ years) at menarche (83) and early age (< 12 years) at menarche (74). The same trend is observed for age at marriage also. The study finds that women of early menarche and marriage will have higher rates of prenatal as well as postnatal mortality. The net survivorship of offspring is also related to the onset of menarche as well as age at marriage.

Study of ABO and Rh (D) Blood Groups in Kodide Reddis of Anantapur Disrict, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract The present study reports ABO and Rh(D) blood groups among 190 unrelated subjects from Kodide Reddis of Anatapur district, Andhra Pradesh . The overall picture of ABO percentage is O (45.26%) > B (31.05%) >A (16.32%) > AB (7.37%). The frequency of Rh +ve (93.10%) is more than Rh –ve (6.84%). The present data were compared with the data available on the other sub-castes of Reddis of Andhra Pradesh to understand the affinity between them.

Growth Differentiation and Gradients during Adolescence among Bhil Boys of Rajasthan

Abstract Various body dimensions would reach their adult size at specific times during the growth period. On subjecting the growth data of several body dimensions to the percentage of growth attained during adolescence, it has been observed that differentiation of growth can be deciphered and growth gradients can be surmised. Twenty-three body dimensions are taken up for the stu dy among Bhil boys of Rajasthan from 11+ years to 19+ years to understand the growth differentiation and gradients. The Present series of cross sectional growth data from Bhil boys of Rajasthan seem to be possible to differentiate and group growth character and establish such growth gradients, as cephalo-facial, linear, transverse and girth measurements respectively.