K. Toure

Épilepsie dans le contexte neuropédiatrique sénégalais

Epilepsy is a significant health public problem in Senegal with an estimated prevalence of 8 to 14%. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and electroencephalographic features of epilepsy in a cohort of Senegalese infants, search for etiological factors and determine the impact of disease on school life. This retrospective study concerned 459 children who attended the neurological outpatients clinic at the Fann hospital, Dakar, Senegal, between July 2003 and December 2006. All were aged under 19 years. Among the 135 children with idiopathic epilepsy, 23.7% had parental consanguinity and 37.77 % familial epilepsy. Rolandic epilepsy and epilepsy with absences were more frequent but several infants with idiopathic epilepsy were not classified. Non-idiopathic epilepsy was noted in 312 children. In this group, estimates of parental consanguinity and familial epilepsy were of 21.79 and 17.94%, respectively. Etiological factors were predominantly pregnancy and birth abnormalities (28.84%) and central nervous system infection (20.19%). Twelve children had febrile seizures. Of patients with idiopathic epilepsy, 65.18% were attending school versus only 9.29 with non-idiopathic epilepsy.

Comorbidity of Cerebral Palsy, the Cyst of the Corpus Callosum, Parenchymal Cyst, Epilepsy and Cardiac Disease: About an Observation

Motor impairment of cerebral origin is a syndrome that induces a reduction in activity, the origin of which is brain injury or a non-progressive and definitive abnormality occurring in a developing immature brain. Motor disability, spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic, is often associated with sensory, cognitive, sensory and behavioral disorders with or without epileptic disease. View of accidental discoveries of corpus callosum abnormalities, most often asymptomatic or associated with psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, neurological disorders or cardiomyopathy, a high technical platform must be available for its diagnosis. We report in this article the case of a 7-year-old boy followed at the neuropsychiatric center Joseph Guislain of the Brothers of Charity of Lubumbashi in Congo (DRC) since 2016 for generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in whom the diagnosis of cerebral palsy on cyst of corpus callosum and in the right parietal lobe, as well as cardiopathy was posed during its consultation in September 2017. This case was published with parental consent.

R - 6 Céphalées chroniques de l’enfant

Introduction Les cephalees constituent le premier motif de consultation dans le service de Neurologie de Dakar. Objectifs L’objectif de ce travail etait de decrire les aspects cliniques et paracliniques des cephalees dans une cohorte d’enfants senegalais. Methodes Il s’agissait d’une etude prospective transversale qui a eu pour cadre le centre hospitalo-universitaire de Fann, a Dakar, au Senegal, de fevrier a novembre 2005. Elle a concerne des enfants âges de 5 a 15 ans, cephalalgiques chroniques. Un questionnaire elabore par nos soins a ete soumis aux enfants, apres consentement parental. Il comportait entre autres des renseignements sur les caracteres des cephalees, les antecedents familiaux et personnels et les resultats de l’examen physique et des examens complementaires. Resultats Ils etaient 43 enfants. 59 p. 100 des enfants avaient eu 1 ou les 2 parents cephalalgiques chroniques. Le siege des cephalees et l’horaire etaient variables. Les cephalees etaient pulsatiles (39,53 p. 100) ou a type de pesanteur (27,9 p. 100). Elles s’accompagnaient d’aura (20,9 p. 100), de troubles digestifs (62,8 p. 100), vestibulaires (55,8 p. 100) et visuels (65,1 p. 100) et duraient 1 a 72 heures. 1 enfant etait hypertendu. L’examen ophtalmologique etait anormal chez 16,2 p. 100 des enfants. 2 enfants avaient une anemie. Le scanner X cerebral etait souvent normal. Discussion Les cephalees sont le troisieme motif de consultation en Neuropediatrie, apres l’epilepsie et le retard psychomoteur. Peu de travaux, comparativement a l’adulte, sont faits sur les cephalees de l’enfant. Du fait de particularites propres a l’enfant, la prudence doit etre de rigueur et on doit recourir plus souvent aux examens neuroradiologiques. Les classifications en vigueur peuvent etre operatoires dans l’approche diagnostique et therapeutique. Conclusion Les cephalees, du fait de leur retentissement dans le vecu de l’enfant, devraient beneficier d’une plus grande attention de la part des professionnels de sante et des parents. L’absenteisme scolaire en est une consequence.