K.Y. Luo

Effects of Laser Shock Processing on Mechanical Properties of Laser Welded ANSI 304 Stainless Steel Joint

With the rapid development of engineering component with integration, high-speed and multi-parameter, traditional techniques haven’t met practical needs in extreme service environment. Laser welding, a new welding technology, has been widely used. However, it would generate the drop of mechanical properties for laser welded joint due to its thermal effect. Laser shock processing (LSP) is one of the most effective methods to improve the mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint. In this paper, the effects of LSP on the mechanical properties of laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint have been investigated. The welded joint on the front of the tensile samples is treated by LSP impacts, and the overlapping rate of the laser spot is 50%. The tensile test of the laser welded joint with and without LSP impacts is carried out, and the fracture morphology of the tensile samples is analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Compared with the yield strength of 11.70 kN, the tensile strength of 37.66 kN, the yield-to-tensile strength ratio of 0.310 7, the elongation of 25.20%, the area reduction of 32.68% and the elastic modulus of 13 063.876 MPa, the corresponding values after LSP impacts are 14.25 kN, 38.74 kN, 0.367 8, 26.58%, 42.29% and 14 754.394 MPa, respectively. Through LSP impacts, the increasing ratio of the yield strength and tensile strength are 121.79% and 102.87%, respectively; the elongation and area reduction are improved by 5.48% and 29.38%, respectively. By comparing with coarse fracture surface of the welded joint, the delamination splitting with some cracks in the sharp corner of the welded joint and asymmetric dimples, LSP can cause brighter fracture surface, and finer and more uniform dimples. Finally, the schematic illustration of dimple formation with LSP is clearly described. The proposed research ensures that the LSP technology can clearly improve the yield strength, tensile strength, yield-to-tensile strength ratio, elongation, area reduction and elastic modulus of the welded joint. The enhancement mechanism of LSP on laser welded ANSI 304 stainless steel joint is mainly due to the fact that the refined and uniform dimples effectively delay the fracture of laser welded joints.

Simulation, analysis and validation of residual stresses on LY2 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing with elliptical spot

Abstract The effects of laser shock processing on the residual stresses of the LY2 aluminium alloy samples with elliptical spot (long axis length, 12 mm; short axis length, 3 mm) were experimentally investigated, and the effects of the overlapping rate on the residual stresses were simulated using the Abaqus software. The simulated residual stresses were basically in agreement with the measured data, and the relationship between the magnitude and uniformity of residual stress and the overlapping rate was also addressed. Results show that the largest stress magnitudes are located on the top surface of the sample, and the greatest uniformity is achieved by the overlapping of elliptical laser spots. The overlapping rate is critical for the uniformity of the residual stress across the surface. Within a certain impact number range of one to four times, increasing the shocked number can increase the magnitude of residual stress near the surface but not effectively increase the plastically affected depth.

Laser Shock Processing of FCC Metals

Surface integrity of LY2 aluminum alloy subjected to laser shock processing.- Tensile properties and fatigue life of LY2 aluminum alloy by laser shock processing.- Grain refinement of the alloys with high stacking fault energy (SFE) induced by ultra-high plastic strain during multiple laser shock processing impacts.- Mechanical properties of ANSI 304 stainless steel subjected to laser shock processing.- Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of ANSI 304 austenitic stainless steel subjected to laser shock processing.- Grain refinement of the alloys with low stacking fault energy (SFE) induced by ultra-high plastic strain during multiple laser shock processing impacts.- Grain refinement of the alloys with medium stacking fault energy (SFE) induced by ultra-high plastic strain during multiple laser shock processing impacts.

Effect of submicron SiC particle on friction and wear properties of copper matrix composites under oil-lubricated condition

Submicron SiCp/Cu composite was fabricated by means of powder metallurgy route followed by hot extrusion, and then its morphology and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that densification of the composite was achieved by this fabricating process when the content of submicron SiC particle was below 5 vol.%. Furthermore, the friction and wear properties of all the submicron SiCp/Cu samples were carefully investigated with lubricant of 20# machinery oil. It was found that 5 vol.% SiCp/Cu samples exhibit excellent wear properties. This phenomenon can be explained by the following fact that a new kind of tribolayer is formed, in which submicron SiC particles are well dispersed during the wear test. In addition, the wear mechanism under lubricated condition was also discussed.

Effects of Laser Shock Processing on Morphologies and Mechanical Properties of ANSI 304 Stainless Steel Weldments Subjected to Cavitation Erosion

Effects of laser shock processing (LSP) on the cavitation erosion resistance of laser weldments were investigated by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, roughness tester, micro hardness tester, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology. The morphological microstructures were characterized. Cumulative mass loss, incubation period, erosion rate, and damaged surface areas were monitored during cavitation erosion. Surface roughness, micro-hardness, and residual stress were measured in different zones. Results showed that LSP could improve the damage of morphological microstructures and mechanical properties after cavitation erosion. The compressive residual stresses were generated during the process of LSP, which was an effective guarantee for the improvement of the above mentioned properties.

Surface Integrity of LY2 Al Alloy Subjected to Laser Shock Processing

This chapter presents a comprehensive literature review of the physical and mechanical mechanisms of LSP on metallic materials, which have been investigated in the past 30 years. In particular, more attentions have been focused on the effects of LSP on mechanical properties of LY2 Al alloys are also highlighted.

Micro-dent arrays fabricated by a novel net mask laser shock processing on the surface of LY2 aluminum alloy

A novel technology called net-mask laser shock processing (NMLSP) was introduced to fabricate micro-dent arrays on the surface of LY2 aluminum alloy. Experimental results showed that the as-fabricated micro-dents whose diameter and depth were about 230-250 μm and 9.3 μm, respectively, was closed to be circular although the original shape of the net mask was square. The height of upwarped area around micro-dent was about 4 μm. Moreover, the interference of neighboring surface shock waves would affect the topography of micro-dents. A dynamic analysis performed by ABAQUS/Explicit code exhibited that the dynamic formation process of micro-dents fabricated by NMLSP, and the simulation results were mostly consistent with experiment results.

Effects of processing parameters on fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy subjected to laser shock processing

We address the effects of processing parameters on residual stresses and fatigue properties of LY2 Al alloy by laser shock processing (LSP). Results show that compressive residual stresses are generated near the surface of samples due to LSP. The maximum compressive residual stress at the surface by two LSP impacts on one side is higher than that by one LSP impact. The maximum value of tensile residual stress is found at the mid-plane of samples subjected to two-sided LSP. Compared with fatigue lives of samples treated by single-sided LSP, lives of those treated by two-sided LSP are lower. However, these are higher than untreated ones.

Mechanical Properties of AISI 304 SS and its Welded Joint Subjected to Laser Shock Processing

This chapter presents the effects of a single LSP impact on the nano-hardness, elastic modulus, residual stress, and phase transformation of AISI 304 SS. Further studies of different LSP paths on the mechanical properties and fracture morphology of the laser welded AISI 304 SS joint are presented and discussed.

Effect of Strain-Rate on the Fracture Morphology of LY2 Aluminum Alloy by Laser Shock Processing

The strain-rate sensitivity of LY2 aluminum (Al) alloy subjected to laser shock processing (LSP) was investigated according to the fracture morphology at strain-rates ranging from 0.00001 s-1 to 0.1 s-1. The fracture morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fracture morphology at different strain-rates suggested that LY2 Al alloy after LSP seemed to evolve towards a more ductile dimple fracture mode with increasing the strain-rates. The relations underlying the fracture morphology and strain-rate sensitivity were also addressed.