Kadir Bakirci

Sustainable Energy Development in Turkey

Abstract Turkeys demand for energy and electricity is increasing rapidly. Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources that place a big burden on the economy, and air pollution is becoming a great environmental concern in the country. As would be expected, the rapid expansion of energy production and consumption has brought with it a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional, and global levels. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkeys carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have grown along with its energy consumption. States have played a leading role in protecting the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkeys geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. This article presents a review of the sustainable energy policies and utilization of the renewable energy sources in Turkey.

Variable-Base Degree-Day Analysis for Provinces of the Eastern Anatolia in Turkey

There is a gap in the information needed by building designers and engineers for simplified energy calculations of buildings in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. This study was conducted to determine and analyse heating and cooling degree-days for the provinces of the Eastern Anatolia, using hourly dry bulb temperature records. The heating degree-days were calculated for base temperatures from 12 to 22°C and the cooling degree-days for base temperatures from 18 to 28°C, using a temperature step of 2°C. The results are presented in tabular and graphical form and serve the estimation of the energy requirements and fuel consumption of heating and air conditioning systems for either monthly or seasonal operation.

Models for Determination of Solar Energy Potential

Many solar energy systems require monthly average meteorological data as a basis for design. In the study, it was investigated whether existing solar radiation models are suitable to determine the values of solar radiation, and new empirical equations were developed which correlate the monthly average daily global radiation using sunshine hour data. The correlation models were compared by using statistical error tests such as mean bias error (MBE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The new correlation models demonstrate close agreement with the observed data. An application of this study was performed using the experimental data measured for Erzurum, Turkey.

Prediction of diffuse solar radiation using satellite data

ABSTRACT In the project of the solar systems, the values of the solar radiation of a region must be known. The global solar radiation measurements are performed by the Turkish Meteorological Service in Turkey, while the diffuse solar radiation measurements are unavailable. In this study, some new models for predicting the monthly average daily diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Erzincan, Turkey are developed using satellite data. The evaluation of the models is carried out with the statistical analysis methods of mean bias error (MBE), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). The results are proved that the correlation equations obtained in here can be used to forecast diffuse solar radiation reasonably well.