Kai-Uwe Schrogl

Humans in outer space-- interdisciplinary perspectives

Prefaces Frank De Winne, Milena Zic-Fuchs and Jean-Paul Swings Introduction: from odysseys to perspectives - towards new interdisciplinary approaches to humans in outer space. Ulrike Landfester, Nina-Louisa Remuss, Kai-Uwe Schrogl and Jean-Claude Worms CHAPTER 1 Politics and society 1.1 The political context for human space exploration. Kai-Uwe Schrogl 1.2 Who will own outer space? Governance over space resources in the age of human space exploration. Kurt Mills 1.3 Managing space, organising the sublime. Martin Parker 1.4 Astronauts: from envoys of mankind to combatants. Nina-Louisa Remuss 1.5 Space inclusiveness and empowerment, or how The Frontier becomes a mirror. Adrian Belu 1.6 A school curriculum for the children of space settlers. Alan Britton 1.7 Ethics and extraterrestrial life. Charles Cockell 1.8 Encounters among the stars - exosociological considerations. Michael T. Schetsche CHAPTER 2 History and religion 2.1 Astrocognition: Prolegomena to a future cognitive history of exploration. David Duner 2.2 Looking back to Earth. S. J. Gustav Schorghofer 2.3 Alien life: Remarks on the exobiological perspective in recent terrestrial biology. Thomas Brandstetter CHAPTER 3 Culture and psychology 3.1 Laokoon in Outer Space? Towards a transformative hermeneutics of Art. Ulrike Landfester 3.2 Music and the outer space - the means of universal communication or a form of art? Anna G. Piotrowska 3.3 From space suits to space couture: a new aesthetic. Mark Timmins 3.4 Looking back, looking forward and aiming higher: next generation visions on humans in outer space. Agnieszka Lukaszczyk, Bejal Thakore and Juergen Schlutz 3.5 Humans in outer space: Existential fulfillment or frustration? Existential, psychological, social and ethical issues for crew on a long-term space mission beyond Earth orbit. Berna van Baarsen CHAPTER 4 Annex 4.1 Useful web-addresses related to human exploration 4.2 The Vienna Vision on Humans in Outer Space 4.3 Summary Report of the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee 4.4 The Global Exploration Strategy Framework:The Framework for Coordination (Executive Summary, May 2007) 4.5 Overview of Europes contribution to the ISS 4.6 SETI.s Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence 4.7 Extract from Mars Life by Ben Bova 4.8 Extract from The Dream - or posthumous work on lunar astronomy by Ludwig Kepler 4.9 Religion and Human Space Flight 4.10 An historian.s viewpoint - Historical approaches to human space flight and the Humans in Outer Space project. Luca Codignola 4.11 The Mars 500 isolation experiment About the authors List of acronyms List of figures and tables Acknowledgements

Summary Report of the Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans Committee

The U.S. human spaceflight programme appears to be on an unsustainable trajectory. It is perpetuating the perilous practice of pursuing goals that do not match allocated resources. Space operations are among the most complex and unforgiving pursuits ever undertaken by humans. It really is rocket science. Space operations become all the more difficult when means do not match aspirations. Such is the case today.

The Mars 500 isolation experiment

Mars 500 simulates a mission to Mars and is therefore an important part of Europe’s pathway to exploration.

Religion and Human Space Flight

“Wer weiss, ist es ihr nicht zugedacht, dass sie dereinst jene entfernte Kugeln des Weltgebaudes und die Trefflichkeit ihrer Anstalten, die schon von weitem ihre Neugierde so reizen, von nahem soll kennen lernen? Vielleicht bilden sich darum noch einige Kugeln des Planetensystems aus, um nach vollendetem Ablaufe der Zeit, die unserem Aufenthalte allhier vorgeschrieben ist, uns in andern Himmeln neue Wohnplatze zu bereiten. Wer weiss, laufen nicht jene Trabanten um den Jupiter, um uns dereinst zu leuchten?

Extract from “Mars Life” by Ben Bova

“The atmosphere of Mars is a mere wisp, thinner than Earth’s high stratosphere. It is composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with traces of nitrogen, oxygen, and inert gases such as argon and neon. The air pressure at the surface of Mars is about the same as the pressure thirty-some kilometres up in the high stratosphere of Earth’s atmosphere, so thin that an uncovered glass of water will immediately boil away even when the temperature is far below zero.

SETI’s Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence

We, the institutions and individuals participating in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

Overview of Europe’s contribution to the ISS491

The international exploration endeavour has a significant political appeal in a vision of European identity, due to its potential to contribute to the creation of new knowledge, to foster innovation and to engage new companies and research organisations in space activities.492

The Global Exploration Strategy Framework: The Framework for Coordination (Executive Summary, May 2007) 486

One of the most fundamental human characteristics is a relentless curiosity that drives us to investigate the unknown. Throughout our history, we have looked beyond our apparent boundaries to the mysteries that lie beyond.

“Hot” Issues and Their Handling

In part 1 of this publication it has been shown that the stars in the night sky have always interested and fascinated mankind. Having been completely out of reach for thousands of years, outer space also was (and still is) an important place to nurture human imagination. Only the fast advancement of technology in the 20th century made it possible to explore the universe and to finally prove or defeat the theories of Earth-bound scientists and dreamers.

Extract from “The Dream — or posthumous work on lunar astronomy” by Ludwig Kepler498

Fifty thousand German miles away in the ether there lies the island of Island of Levania [the Moon]. The way to it from Earth and back to it is very seldom open for passage. We demons from Levania ourselves then have quite easily access to it; for the Earthborn human willing to travel there, however, this is very difficult and fraught with the greatest danger. To accompany us, therefore, we never choose humans who only know how to sit and do nothing, fat persons or those who are only interested in sensual delights; instead we choose those who spend their lives diligently riding their hunting horses or who frequently visit India by ship and thus are used to live on hard bread, garlic, dried fish and other food despised by gourmets. We especially find gaunt old women suitable, because they are already well-versed in the art of riding broomsticks or shabby cloaks to cover never-ending distances on Earth. From Germany no men are suitable, but we don’t refuse the Spaniards’ skinny bodies.