Kaiser Hamid

In vitro studies on antibacterial, antifungal,and cytotoxic properties of Leucas aspera

The leaves of the plant Leucas aspera belonging to the family Lamiaceae was studied to determine the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. All extracts showed remarkable antibacterial activity against all of the studied organisms except Escherichia coli. Methanol extract showed stronger activity compared to ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts. It showed highest activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 15 mm. The standard chloramphenicol did not show any activity against Shigella sonnei. But all the extracts showed moderate activity against this pathogen with zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 13 mm. None of the extracts has shown any significant antifungal activity against the fungi. Incase of brine shrimp lethality bioassay, methanol extract showed the strongest cytotoxic effect with LC50 value of 4.28 μg/ml which is followed by ethyl acetate extract with LC50 value of 5.36 μg/ml. Thus it can be inferred that this plant may be a potential source of novel bioactive compounds.

Effect of Rohitakarista (RHT), an ayurvedic formulation, on the lipid profile of rat plasma after chronic administration

Rohitakarista (RHT), a popular Ayurvedic formulation, is the preparation of Tecomella undulate with other medicinal plants. In this study, the lipid profile of rats’ plasma was studied after chronic administration of RHT usually used in the disease of spleen, abdomen and localized abdominal swelling or tumor. The animal was albino rats (Rattus novergicus: Sprague-Dawley strains) and RHT was administered per oral route at a dose of 100mg/kg body weight, once daily, up to 46 days for all the experiments. Forty rats, equally of both sexes, were randomly grouped into four where one male and one female group were used as control and other groups were used as test. In both of the male and female rats there was a statistically very high significant decrease in the Triglycerides (p=0.001***). On the contrary, a statistically very highly significant increase in the total cholesterol (p=0.001***), VLDL (p=0.001***) and HDL (p=0.001***) was noted. Similar results were observed in case of female rats. Also the increase in LDL (p=0.028*) was statistically significant for both of the sexes of RHT treated rats.

Comparative Anti-microbial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of different parts of the plant Moringa oleifera lam

Lam. Disc diffusion method and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used for antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity respectively. Chloroform fractions of leaf and fruit part have shown moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 9-28 mm against all the experimental microbes. Ethyl acetate fraction of bark and fruit found to have highest antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition (ZOI) 36 mm against

Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Cheese, Yogurt and Poultry Faeces

Lactic acid bacteria are the most important bacteria that have been used as probiotic in food and feed industries. Due to their beneficial probiotic properties, research for new lactic acid bacterial strains is still continued for the new strains which are more tolerable to the stress conditions of the GIT, and have better probiotic properties than the existing strains. In the present study, a total of 33 isolates were obtained from yogurt, cheese and poultry faeces as a potential source for isolation of lactic acid bacteria. Based on the initial identification, 33 isolates which were most probably lactic acid bacteria were selected for in vitro acid and bile tolerance tests. Out of the 33 isolates, 13 isolates were subjected to acid and bile tolerance test and all of them showed good tolerance against acid and bile with more than 80% survival. Identification of 13 selected isolates which exhibited better acid and bile tolerance using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that all 13 isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus including seven L. paracasei, three L. Salivarious, one L. reuteri and one L. casei. Most of the isolates produced significant amount of organic acids, mainly lactic acid. Isolates were then subjected to the antibiotics resistance test and all of them were sensitive to most of the antibiotics except Vancomycin. All the isolated Lactobacillus strains showed good tolerance to acid and bile salts which indicates their survival ability in the GIT, and they might be considered as potential probiotic candidates for both humans and animals. Moreover, considering the production of considerable amounts of organic acids, these strains may have antagonistic activity against pathogenic strains. However, further studies are needed to investigate their probiotic properties including antimicrobial activity.

Development of a Cleaning Validation Protocol for an Odd Case Scenario and Determination of Methoprene residues in a Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Equipment Surfaces by using a Validated UFLC Method

In veterinary pharmaceutical industries, it is very important to remove drug residues from the equipment and areas used for the manufacturing of a product. At the same, the associated cleaning procedures must be validated. In the present report, initially a protocol was developed to determine the Maximum Allowable Carryover (MAC) of methoprene based on an odd case scenario. A rapid, sensitive and specific reverse phase ultra-fast liquid chromatographic (UFLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of methoprene in cleaning validation swab samples. According to developed protocol, the MAC was found to be 1.068 µg/cm2. Cotton swabs, moisten with extraction solution (100% methanol) were used to remove any residue of drug from stainless steel, glass and silica surfaces and give recoveries >80% at three concentration levels. The precision of the results, reported as the relative standard deviation, were below 2.5%. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 0.15625 to 5.0 µg/ml with a correlation coefficient of 1. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.15625–5.0 µg/ml. The developed method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness.

Development and Validation of a Bioanalytical method for the Determination of Levamisole Residue in Backyard Poultry Egg

Development of a bioanalytical method is often tricky and labour intensive due to its nature or the criteria set by regulatory bodies. In the present study, a simple, reliable and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of levamisole residue in chicken eggs. Levamisole and ronidazole (internal standard, IS) were separated on a C18 reversed-phase HPLC column. Following liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.05M KH2PO4 at ratio of 20: 80, and the drug was detected at 235nm using a UV detector at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min at the ambient temperature. Linearity was obtained over the range 0.3125–10.0μg/ml for levamisole hydrochloride with lower limit of quantitation of 0.3125μg/ml. For each level of quality control samples, inter-and intra-day precision (%CV) was within ±15%. Absolutes extraction recovery of drug from plasma was ≥;60%. The residue limit of levamisole gradually increased from day 1 to day 3 and then declined from day4 to day 7. The highest level of residue after oral administration of 80mg/kg levamisole to chickens was on day 3 (0.599μg/g). This level was lower than the recommended maximum residue limit (MRL), thus, no withholding period was required for egg consumption following the administration of the levamisole solution.

Toxicological studies of Astavarga Kvatha Curna, an Ayurvedic formulation, on liver function parameters of rat plasma

Astavarga Kvatha Curna (AST) approved by the National Unani and Ayurvedic Formulary Committee of Bangladesh is widely used in the treatment of vata roga (neurological disorder) by the rural and ethnic people of this country. In the present study, the effect of this formulation on liver function parameters of rat plasma was examined after chronic administration. The animal used was albino rat (Rattus novergicus: Sprague-Dawley strains) and the drug was administered per oral route at a dose of 40 ml/kg body weight, once daily, up to 41 days for all the experiments. Forty rats, equally of both sexes, were randomly grouped into four where one male and one female group were used as control and other groups were used as test. In both male and female rats, there was a statistically significant increase in the total protein (male, p=0.044*, female, p=0.043)*. In case of albumin, the increase in the male rats were statistically significant (p=0.003)** but it was statistically highly significant (p=0.001)*** in the female rats. In case of sGOT, sGPT and ALP, there was a statistically highly significant (p=0.001)*** increase in both male and female rats. The level of bilirubin was decreased in both male and female rats and it was statistically highly significant (p=0.001)***.

Changes in lipid profile of rat plasma after chronic administration of Astavarga Kvatha Curna (AST): an Ayurvedic formulation

The aim of the present study was to observe changes in the lipid profile parameters of rat plasma after chronic administration of Astavarga Kvatha Curna (AST) which is used in the treatment of vata roga (neurological diseases) in Bangladesh. The animals used for this research work were albino rats (Rattus novergicus: SpragueDawley strain) and AST was administered per oral route at a dose of 100ml/kg body weight, once daily, up to 41 days for all the experiments. Forty rats, equally of both sexes, were randomly grouped into four where one male and one female group were used as control and other groups were used as test. In case of male rats, administration of AST decreased all the lipid profile parameters (triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL) except VLDL with p values of p=0.892, p=0.787, p=0.754, p=0.682 respectively. Similar trend in the result was observed in case of female rats. Triglycerides (p=0.605), total cholesterol (p=0.953), LDL (p=0.811) and HDL (p=0.836) were decreased in comparison with the control group. On the contrary, VLDL was increased with p value of p=0.739. The observed alteration in lipid profile parameters in both male and female rats was not statistically significant.