Kaiyu Zhou

mirnas as biomarkers for diagnosis of heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: With the rapid development of molecular biology, the kind of mircoRNA (miRNA) has been introduced into emerging role both in cardiac development and pathological procedure. Thus, we conduct this meta-analysis to find out the role of circulating miRNA as a biomarker in detecting heart failure. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and World Health Organization clinical trials registry center to identify relevant studies up to August 2016. We performed meta-analysis in a fixed/random-effect model using Meta-disc 1.4. We used STATA 14.0 to estimate the publication bias and meta-regression. Besides, we took use of SPSS 17.0 to evaluate variance between several groups. Information on true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative, as well as the quality of research was extracted. Results: We use results from 10 articles to analyze the pooled accuracy. The overall performance of total mixed miRNAs (TmiRs) detection was: pooled sensitivity, 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 0.75); pooled specificity, 0.69 (95%CI, 0.67 to 0.71); and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves value (SROC), 0.7991. The miRNA-423-5p (miR-423-5p) detection was: pooled sensitivity, 0.81 (95%CI, 0.76 to 0.85); pooled specificity, 0.67 (95%CI, 0.61 to 0.73); and SROC, 0.8600. However, taken the same patients population, we extracted the data of BNP for detecting heart failure and performed meta-analysis with acceptable SROC as 0.9291. Among the variance analysis, the diagnostic performance of miR-423-5p claimed significant advantages of other pooled results. However, the combination of miRNAs and BNP could increase the accuracy of detecting of heart failure. Unfortunately, there was no dramatic advantage of miR-423-5p compared to BNP protocol. Conclusion: Despite interstudy variability, the performance test of miRNA for detecting heart failure revealed that miR-423-5p demonstrated the potential to be a biomarker. However, other miRNAs were not able to provide enough evidence on promising diagnostic value for heart failure based on the current data. Moreover, the combination of miRNAs and BNP could work as a better method to detection. Unfortunately, BNP was still the most convinced biomarker for such disease.

Approaching the facts between genetic mutation and clinical practice of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report with RAF1 770C>T mutant.

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common cardiomyopathies, which induces sudden cardiac death. Several mutants have been identified among HCM cases. Methods and results: A 10-month female infant who experienced cough, fever, aggressive exertional dyspnea, and recurrent cyanosis was admitted to our hospital. The patient was first diagnosed with type I respiratory failure, dysfunction of heart, severe pneumonia, and also some cardiac disorders were suspected. The echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography scan, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging scan, and also electrocardiogram were performed to confirm a diagnosis of HCM. Moreover, the whole-genome sequencing and chromatin analysis have been suggested. Based on the sequencing analysis, a new heterozygous mutant of RAF1 at c. 770C>T had been identified in absence of the same mutant in both her parents. Besides, the existence of normal karyotypes was confirmed among 3 samples. Conclusion: So we first reported a single mutant of RAF1 770C>T with idiopathic HCM in a very early age. This patient would have suffered significant cardiac ventricular hypertrophy with more severe clinical manifestation in an extremely younger age compared with other identified mutations. However, we could only take limited advantages of deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing in HCM diagnosis and therapy. Reporting additional observations of well designed cohorts with a long-term follow-up would be very helpful to accelerate the transition of genetic molecular research on HCM.

Multifocal pigmented villonodular synovitis in a child: A case report.

Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane that typically presents in adults and affects a single joint. Multifocal PVNS is very rare, particularly in childhood. We reported a rare case of multifocal PVNS affecting over 20 joints in a child. Clinical procedure: A 7-year-old female patient had a 6-month history of multifocal joints swelling with mild pain. She was diagnosed as polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis at a local hospital. Naproxen, methotrexate, infliximab, and pavlin were used to treat the patient for 2 months. However, the treatment had no effect, the joints swelling remained. The patient was then transferred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed multiple joints swelling, especially in the shoulders joints. Puncture fluid from a shoulder joint was bloody. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed synovial thickening and hemosiderin deposition. Biopsy of joint synovium found villous nodules, the invasion of foam cells, and hemosiderin deposition. By collecting all of the evidence, the diagnosis of PVNS was confirmed. Conclusions: PVNS was easily misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis and the formal treatment was usually delayed. This case described here is the first case of PVNS involving such a large numbers of joints that has been reported in the literature.

Prediction of fetal outcome without intrauterine intervention using a cardiovascular profile score: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: With the help of fetal echocardiography, cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) can be evaluated. However, no general agreement has been recognized on the prediction value of CVPS on fetal adverse outcome. Methods: Literature review has identified up to Nov 2012 in the databases. Meta-analysis was performed in a fixed/random-effect model using Revman 5.1.1 and Meta-disc 1.4. The differences among different cut-offs were measured by STATA 11.0. Results: Result from seven studies reported an outcome in favor of significant lower CVPS in fetus of adverse outcome with std. mean difference of −1.17 (95% CIu2009=u2009−1.78, −0.55). The overall performance of CVPS ≤6 prediction adverse outcome evaluated as area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was 0.8777. The AUC of CVPS ≤7 was 0.8728 and the AUC of CVPS ≤8 was 0.7207. However, the result indicated the performance of CVPS ≤6 prediction adverse outcome had a statistical significance comparing to other two cut-offs. Conclusion: Analysis has proven the CVPS is a credible index for predicting fetal adverse outcome. And once CVPS decreased at eight, the patient should be observed carefully. With the CVPS dropped at seven, treatment is demanded immediately while some cases suffer irreversible cardiac dysfunction.

A delayed diagnosis of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome complicated with toxoplasmic encephalitis in a child: A case report and literature review

Introduction: The X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM) is an uncommon primary combined immunodeficiency disease caused by CD40L gene mutations. A delayed or missed diagnosis of XHIGM is common and concerning, owing to atypical immunoglobulin profile and phenotype of some patients, low recognition, and limited knowledge of clinicians on XHIGM in some underdeveloped areas. Opportunistic infections are a prominent clinical feature of XHIGM. However, toxoplasma encephalitis occurs sporadically and is extremely rare in patients with XHIGM. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedure: A 2 years and 10 months’ old male suffered from 3 times of serious infection since 1 year and 4 months of age. Although with history of recurrent respiratory infections, protracted diarrhea, persistent or intermittent neutropenia companioned with oral ulcer, and a typical immunoglobulin profile during his second disease attack, the consideration of XHIGM was still completely ignored because of our low recognition and limited knowledge of this disorder. The diagnosis of XHIGM was ultimately confirmed by detection of elevated serum IgM concentration, decreased serum IgG and IgE concentration, and identification of a mutation c.654C>A (p.C218X) in CD40L gene. Given clinical manifestation of lethargy, uncontrollable somnolence and ataxia, a cat/dog exposure history, positive serum Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) IgM, positive cerebrospinal fluid T gondii PCR results, and typical characteristics of brain magnetic resonance imaging as multiple rings liked nodules lesions in bilateral cerebral hemisphere cortex, bilateral basal ganglia, and dorsal thalamus, the diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis was considered during his third disease attack. Thereafter, oral administration of sulfadiazine and azithromycin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and subcutaneous injection of G-CSF were initiated. Regrettably, the patient abandoned the treatment because of economic factor and died 3 months after discharge. Conclusions: A more thorough clinical history and some features like recurrent respiratory infections, protracted diarrhea, and persistent or intermittent neutropenia companioned with oral ulcer could increase clinical suspicion of XHIGM. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is rare in patients with XHIGM, but still should be considered. The present study firstly reported a delayed diagnosed case of XHIGM with CD40L gene c.654C>A (p.C218X) mutant complicated with toxoplasma encephalitis in Chinese population, which highlighted the importance of CD40-CD40L interaction in cell-mediated immunity against T gondii.

Approach an appropriate decision on fetus with endocardial fibroelastosis in collaboration with cardiovascular profile score: A case report.

Introduction:Fetal endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) is a kind of rare fetal cardiac malformation characterized by the diffuse thickening of the ventricular endocardium. The diagnosis of fetal EFE depends on the echocardiographic features which are still confused that how to make an appropriate pregnant decision due to the conflict between high prenatal mortality and acceptable prognosis once after birth. Here, we seriously built a 4-gradation recommendation system based on cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) to supply a prediction of clarified pregnant outcomes with EFE and provide a practical way to offer optimal medical consultation. Clinical procedure:A suspected case of fetal EFE has been aware at 24th gestational week by fetal echocardiography. The CVPS of this affected fetus dropped to 6 out of 10 points, which indicated a severe heart condition along with the fetus and predicted an adverse fetal prognosis according to our recommendation system. After fully informed consent, the prospective parents determined to terminate pregnancy. Following the induced abortion, postmortem pathological findings confirmed the echocardiographic suspicion of EFE. Conclusion:According to our experience and previous researches, we could reach a relative clear prediction of the outcomes of the EFE fetuses based on the CVPS of such suspected fetuses, which should lead to approach an appropriate pregnant decision for such fetuses.

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Artery Dissection Associated With Infective Endocarditis.

AbstractPulmonary artery dissection (PAD) is a rare condition with high mortality and has not been reported in patient with infective endocarditis (IE). Here, we report the first case of such patient who experienced PDA and survived after surgical intervention.A 10-year-old female child was diagnosed as IE with a patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) and a vegetation on the left side of pulmonary artery trunk (10u200a×u200a5u200amm2). Following 3-week antibacterial treatment, the body temperature of patient returned to normal, and the size of vegetation reduced (7u200a×u200a3u200amm2). However, the patient had a sudden attack of sustained and crushing right chest pain, orthopnea with increasing respiratory rate (> 60/min), and acute high fever. Echocardiography revealed the detachment of vegetation on the first day and dissection of pulmonary artery on the next day. The patient received immediate surgical intervention. It was found that aneurysm had a size of 28u200a×u200a20u200amm2 and its orifice (the dissecting site) located on the opposite side of the PDA opening (right side of the pulmonary artery trunk). The dissected left wall of pulmonary artery trunk was reconstructed followed by the closure of PDA with suture. The patient recovered uneventfully.From this case, we learned that the surgical intervention should be considered at an early time for IE patients who have a vegetation in pulmonary artery and PDA. After the infection is under control, the earlier surgery may prevent severe complications.