Kamal Kant Jain

Effect of alternate day feeding strategy of sub-optimal protein level on haemato-biochemical responses in Labeo rohita (Hamilton) juveniles.

A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to delineate the effect of alternate day feeding strategy of sub-optimal protein level on haematological parameters, serum parameters and phagocyte respiratory burst activity (NBT) in Labeo rohita juveniles. One hundred and thirty-five fingerlings (1.87 ± 0.01-2.26 ± 0.05 g) were distributed in triplicate groups of each treatment, and fish were fed at 5% body weight daily. Three experimental isocaloric (401.32-410.28 kcal/100 g) diets of 30%, 25%, and 20% crude protein designated as diet A, diet B, and diet C respectively, were prepared, using locally available feed ingredients. Three different feeding schedules of normal protein diet continuously (diet A-30%), alternate feeding of 1-day diet A followed by 1-day diet B (1A/1B) and alternate feeding of 1-day diet A followed by 1-day diet C (1A/1C) were tested. The total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin content was significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced in the group T1 fed (1A/1B), and the lowest count was recorded in the group T2 fed (1A/1C). Total leucocyte counts, total serum protein, and serum globulin were higher in the group T1 fed (1A/1B) and lower in the group T2 fed (1A/1C) as compare to control. The respiratory burst activity (NBT) of blood phagocytes and serum A-to-G ratio was recorded significantly difference in among the treatment groups. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that alternate feeding of 1-day diet A followed by 1-day diet B (1A/1B) is equally effective and promote the immunity in Labeo rohita juveniles.

Effects of dietary synbiotic on innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala juveniles

&NA; The dietary supplementation of synbiotic in Cirrhinus mrigala juvenile (with initial body weight ranging from 2.87 ± 0.01 g to 3.26 ± 0.05 g) was evaluated in terms of changes in innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. One hundred eighty acclimatized juveniles of mrigal were randomly distributed in the three replicates of each of four experimental groups i.e. control (without Probiotic and Prebiotic), T1 (High Probiotic + Low Prebiotic), T2 (Low Probiotic + High Prebiotic) and T3 (High Probiotic + High Prebiotic), using completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the feeding trial for 60 days, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and survival rate was recorded for the next 15 days. Bacillus subtilis used as a probiotic source and MOS used as a prebiotic source in the experiment. Results showed that innate immunity was comparatively improved in T3 group. Lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity (NBT) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in T3 group. Highest activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05) were reported in T3 group. Cumulative mortality % was found to be lower in the fish fed dietary synbiotic on T3 group after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. The results of this study showed that under the experimental conditions, dietary supplementation of synbiotic had a synergestic effect on enhancing innate immunity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala (P < 0.05). HighlightsDietary supplementation of synbiotics leads to increase in growth performance, digestive enzyme and improve gut micro flora activity.Application of dietary synbiotic at optimum inclusion level results to influence the immuno‐physiological responses and disease resistance.Use of dietary synbiotic can be an efficient tool to achieve sustainable and safe aquaculture production.

Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf Meal on Growth, Nutrient Utilisation and Whole Body Composition of Labeo rohita Fingerlings

Over the past three decades, global aquaculture production expanded at an average annual rate of more than 8%, from 5.2 million tons in 1981 to 62.7 million tons in 2011. Aquacultures contribution to total food fish supply grew from 9% in 1980 to 48% in 2011 (FAO, 2013). Hence, a projected model of aquaculture production possible to increase from 28.6 million tons in 1997 up to 53.6 million tons by 2020 where developing countries would be responsible for 79% of world food fish production, with 77% of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Effect of Optimum and Suboptimum Dietary Protein on Hemolymph Physiology, Oxidative Physiology, Plasma Fatty Acids, and Histoarchitectural Modulations in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii

AbstractWe examined the effect of optimum (32%) and suboptimum (27%) levels of dietary protein on the hemolymph and oxidative physiology of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. Wild juveniles of different stocks were collected from the west coast (Gujarat [G-stock] and Maharashtra [M-stock]) and east coast (Andhra Pradesh [A-stock]) of India. Prawns were raised in 200-m2 culture ponds, with individual animals tracked by using stock-specific, colored elastomer tags. Hemolymph glucose, plasma total protein, albumin-to-globulin (A:G) ratio, plasma calcium, and activity of five key metabolic enzymes in plasma (plasma cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amylase) were examined to compare the hemolymph physiology due to dietary protein variations fed to the different stocks. Plasma fatty acid profile was also monitored. Effect of feeding on oxidative physiology of prawns was analyzed by measuring the catalase and acetylcholinesterase...

Cyclic feeding of low and high protein diets reduces production cost of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Eighty four days feeding trial (3 feeding cycle ; each cycle of 28 days comprising 21 days with low protein and 7 days with normal or high protein diets) was conducted with Labeo rohita fingerlings to investigate the growth performance. Four diets; D1 (10% CP); D2 (30% CP); D3 (35% CP) and D4 (40% CP) were prepared. A total of 225 fingerlings were distributed randomly into five treatments in triplicates. T1 and T2 groups were fed with D1 and D2 diets respectively throughout the experimental period. The feeding cycle of 28 days consisted of 21 days feeding with D1 and 7 days with D2 (T3); D3 (T4) or D4 (T5). Higher growth rate in terms of specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and apparent net protein utilisation were found in T2 and T3 group compared to T4 and T5. However, protein efficiency ratio of T3 group was significantly higher than the T2 group (p<0.05). Highest and lowest content of protein and lipid was observed in T2 group, whereas, the ash content was highest in T1 group. Feeding cost was considerably reduced with T3 group of low protein intake (43.63%) registering 20.17% saving in production cost. The results indicate that fish fed with cyclic feeding schedule of 21 days with D1 (10% CP) followed by 7 days with a normal diet, D2 (30% CP) could reduce the production cost with considerable savings in feed cost.