Kanad Ray

Design of Nature Inspired Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite Communication

This paper presents the design and synthesis of a nature-inspired micro-strip patch antenna based on the sunflower structure. The antenna structure was based on the Fibonacci pattern found in a sunflower, with the antenna elements in the position of the seeds. Simulation is done using computer simulation technology Microwave studio and the geometry offers impedance bandwidth of 5.28 GHz with enhanced radiation parameters. The geometry has simple structure, therefore can be used for satellite communication applications.

Biological Infrared Antenna and Radar

This paper presents a report on the wasp antenna working in infrared region and the communication between two wasps at 5 m distance resembling radar equation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first theoretical analysis and simulation to illustrate the presence of radar-like mechanism in living systems.

Performance of Wideband Falcate Implantable Patch Antenna for Biomedical Telemetry

The biomedical telemetry provides diagnostic inspection and monitoring of physiological signals at a far distance. Nowadays implanted medical devices are recent advances in this field. Patch antennas are main devices to send these signals at far distance and attain high attention for integration into implantable medical devices. Implantable patch antennas can be designed for transfer of high-speed data rate for transferring high quality video from implanted patch to outside telemetry. Dedicated MICS band (402–405 MHz) is not sufficient enough for transferring the real-time videos. High data rate for transferring real-time videos can be achieved in IEEE 802.11 (2.4 GHz) ISM band (5.725–5.825 and 2.4–2.5 GHz). The objective of this study is to analyze the performance of implanted falcate-shaped antenna for high-speed transfer rate achieving impedance bandwidth 1.2978 GHz. Proposed antenna is useful for transferring 54 mbps (802.11g) and 600 mbps (802.11n), theoretically, for particular usage in biotelemetry.

Miniaturized, Meandered, and Stacked MSA Using Accelerated Design Strategy for Biomedical Applications

In this paper, a strategy to design implantable microstrip antenna used in biomedical telemetry has been suggested. A skin-implanted multilayer microstrip antenna containing ground, and meandered lower and upper radiating patch covered with a superstrate layer has been designed and simulated. A material with high permittivity such as Rogers 3010 has been used for substrate and superstrate layer. The volume of proposed antenna is 230 mm3. The size of proposed MSA is small enough to implant into human head-scalp. The designed antenna is resonating in the MICS (402–405 MHz) band and the 10 dB bandwidth is 23 MHz. The return loss is found as −18.274 dB at 402 MHz.

Compact Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna with Symmetrical U Slots on Partial Ground for UWB Applications

This paper presents a design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna with slotted finite ground plane. Impedance bandwidth 53.6 % is achieved with stable pattern characteristics, within its bandwidth. The antenna has an operating impedance bandwidth of 3.34 GHz (4.57–7.91 GHz). VSWR is <2 over the operating frequency range. This antenna is designed on Ansoft HFSS 11 software. Details of the simulated results are presented and discussed.

Resonant Oscillation Language of a Futuristic Nano-Machine-Module: Eliminating Cancer Cells & Alzheimer Aβ Plaques

Nano-machine-module is designed and synthesized as a futuristic drug (PCMS) for cancer and Alzheimers by doping 2 Nile Red molecules in the cavity of a 5(th) generation PAM AM dendrimer P, and attaching 32 molecular rotors M, 4 pH sensors S on its surface. Molecular rotors and sensors enable the dendritic box surface to target specific sites, minimizing termination of healthy cells, e.g. cancer cells, nuclei acids (DNA) & spirals of Abeta Amyloid are disintegrated. Combined Excitation Emission Spectroscopy (CEES) shows directed energy transfer along M↔C↔S, this energy transmission path is itself an oscillation, and we image live resonant oscillation of the PCMS and the target molecular system. PCMS engages into resonant oscillations with spiral molecular structures. PCMS is designed to sense microsatellite instability & spirals with resonance frequencies in the kHz range. PCM is toxic, but the toxicity disappears as S is added to derive PCMS. PCMS does not even affect the dynamic instability of microtubule, a basic operator of living cells.

DNA as an Electromagnetic Fractal Cavity Resonator: Its Universal Sensing and Fractal Antenna Behavior

We report that 3D-A-DNA structure behaves as a fractal antenna, which can interact with the electromagnetic fields over a wide range of frequencies. Using the lattice details of human DNA, we have modeled radiation of DNA as a helical antenna. The DNA structure resonates with the electromagnetic waves at 34 GHz, with a positive gain of 1.7 dBi. We have also analyzed the role of three different lattice symmetries of DNA and the possibility of soliton-based energy transmission along the structure.

Fractal Information Theory (FIT)-Derived Geometric Musical Language (GML) for Brain-Inspired Hypercomputing

We propose fractal information theory (FIT) to compute, and it uses a Fractal tape, wherein “every single cell of a Turing tape contains a Turing tape inside.” To use this tape, we introduce a geometric musical language (GML). This language has only one letter, a time cycle, a rhythm, a clock, or a unitary operator; on the circle perimeter, multiple singular bursts or “bings” (singularity represented as circles) are located. Time gap or “silence” between the “bings” is adjusted to hold the geometric parameters of structures such as square, triangle. Each time cycle is part of a phase space or a Bloch sphere; hence, information is now a “Bloch sphere with a clocking geometry.” Several such spheres self-assemble and expand like a balloon to store and process complex information; “bings” are singularity glue to add clocking Bloch spheres into it; this is the basic of fractal information theory (FIT). The conversion of five sensory signals into geometric shapes and rhythms like music and vice versa is called geometric musical language (GML). New information is integrated as guest into a single ever-expanding host Bloch sphere. The distinction between questions and answers disappears and replaced by “situation,” written as geometric shapes and always paired together in a time cycle, side by side or one inside another. Just like a human brain, FIT-GML hypercomputing does not require algorithm or programming, and it uses the fractal beating, i.e., geometric nesting inside a Hilbert space. FIT reduces to quantum information theory, QIT, if the clocking geometry in the Bloch sphere and virtual poles are removed and the singularity feature of a “bing” is eliminated, which makes it a classical state.

Frequency Fractal Behavior in the Retina Nano-Center-Fed Dipole Antenna Network of a Human Eye

The retina nano-antenna shows a major characteristic of the center-fed dipole antenna’s working in the visible region. The cellular assembly that might work as a network of antennas is analyzed here. The collective response of various cone cells holds the geometric features of the antenna network. The fractal arrangement of the antenna lattice holds various symmetries during electromagnetic signal processing, and each symmetry generates a peak in the resonance band. Using true biological structural data, we have identified the resonance frequency spectrum of entire nano-network of cone and rod cells in a human eye.

Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna for Body Centric Wireless Communication in ISM Band

Body centric wireless communication is an emerging and active area of research for many applications such as identification, tracking, healthcare systems and radio frequency-linked telemetry. In this paper, on-body performance and analysis of various wearable square-shaped spiral cut MSPAs are investigated by measuring reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and impact of human body equivalent model. This antenna basically covers the industrial, scientific and medical band (ISM 2.45 GHz) which can be used for wearable applications in the field of health care and telemetry. In particular, designing and analysis are focused on the performance of a miniaturized square-shaped spiral cut MSPA for body centric wireless communication. The characterization of proposed antenna is analysed using numerical equivalent of three-layered canonical model of skin, fat and tissue. For all types of wearable square-shaped spiral cut MSPA, the main parameter under study is reflection coefficient and the effect of novel double C structured square-shaped spiral cut MSPA with miniaturized designs.