Kanat Gülle

Protection by L-carnitine against radiation-induced ileal mucosal injury in the rat: Pattern of oxidative stress, apoptosis and cytokines

Abstract Purpose: In this study, we tested the effects of L-carnitine (LC) on radiation-induced ileal mucosal damage. Materials and methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. The control group received physiological saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). Radiation-1 and radiation-2 groups received whole-body X-irradiation of 8.3 Gy as a single dose. These groups were sacrificed at the 6th hour and 4th day after irradiation, respectively. The Radiation-1 + LC and the radiation-2 + LC groups received the same dose irradiation plus a daily dose of 200 mg/kg LC. LC was applied one day before and for four days after irradiation. Results: The levels of serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher in the radiation groups when compared with the control. Treatment with LC decreased the serum MCP-1 and IFN-γ levels considerably. In the radiations groups, the Chiu score was significantly elevated compared with that of the control group. However, LC administered prior to the irradiation reduced the severity of mucosal damage. The number of apoptotic cells of the ileal crypt in the irradiated rats increased from the 6th hour after irradiation and then decreased at 4th day. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that LC may be beneficial to radiation enteritis.

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) prevents postoperative adhesion formation by inactivating the nuclear factor kappa B pathway: a randomized experimental study

BACKGROUND Postoperative peritoneal adhesions are major complications of abdomino-pelvic surgeries. We aim to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation on postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, controlled, single blinded animal study was performed in university laboratory. Thirty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four equal groups as, group 1: (21-d vitamin-D treatment group), group 2: (21-d corn oil group), group 3: (14-d vitamin-D treatment group), and group 4: (control group). Uterine horns were traumatized with bipolar cautery for adhesion formation process. On postoperative day 14, all the animals were sacrificed and evaluated for adhesions. Adhesion extent, severity, degree, and total adhesion scores were evaluated macroscopically. Histopathologically, adhesions were evaluated for inflammation, fibrosis, and NFκB (nuclear factor kappa b) staining. RESULTS On postoperative day 14, we found lesser peritoneal adhesion severity, degree, extent, and total adhesion scores with vitamin-D administration compared with control and corn oil-treated groups; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Histopathologic adhesion scores of inflammation and fibrosis were statistically different among the four groups (P < 0.001). NFκB staining was markedly increased in control and vehicle groups. The NFκB staining scores were statistically different between the groups (P < 0.001). The intensity of NFκB staining was lower in both vitamin 14 and 21-d vitamin-D groups. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D as a supplement and as a therapeutic medicine decreases the formation of PPA in an animal model. In future studies, the association of vitamin D deficiency and PPA should be studied. In addition, vitamin D should be investigated in future clinical studies for the prevention of PPAs.

Evaluation of the protective effect of agmatine against cisplatin nephrotoxicity with 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy and cystatin-C.

Abstract Background: The aim of the current study was to investigate whether agmatine (AGM) has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Saline (control); (2) Cisplatin (CDDP; 7.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally); (3) Agmatine (AGM; 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally); (4) Cisplatin plus agmatine (CDDP + AGM). Agmatine was given before and two consecutive days after cisplatin injection. All the animals underwent renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DMSA. The levels of serum creatinine, cystatin C, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in addition to examination of the tissue samples with light microscopy. Acute renal injury was assessed with biochemical analyses, scintigraphic imaging, and histopathological evaluation. Results: In the cisplatin group, the levels of BUN, creatinine, and cystatin C were significantly higher than that of the controls. Histopathological examination showed remarkable damage of tubular and glomerular structures. Additionally, cisplatin caused markedly decreased renal 99mTc-DMSA uptake. AGM administration improved renal functions. Serum creatinine, BUN, and cystatin C levels had a tendency to normalize and, scintigraphic and histopathological findings showed significantly less evidence of renal toxicity than those observed in animals receiving cisplatin alone. Conclusions: Our data indicate that AGM has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, it may improve the therapeutic index of cisplatin. In addition, the early renal damage induced by cisplatin and protective effects of AGM against cisplatin nephrotoxicity was accurately demonstrated with 99mTc-DMSA renal scintigraphy.

İyonize Radyasyona Maruz Kalmış Sıçan Ovaryumunda Gelişmekte Olan Foliküllerde Morfolojik Değişiklikler Üzerine L-karnitinin Koruyucu Etkisi

AMAC: Radyasyon hucrelerin cekirdek ve sitoplazmasinda bir takim degisikliklere sebebiyet verebilir, memeli germ hucreleri de iyonize radyasyona (IR) karsi oldukca duyarlidir. Iyonize radyasyon ovaryum follikullerindeki dejenerasyonu arttirir. Bu calismanin amaci tum vucudu iyonize radyasyona maruz kalan sicanlarin ovaryum follikullerinde L-karnitinin (LK) antiapoptotik ve radyoprotektif etkilerini arastirmaktir. MATERYAL-METOD: Calismamizda 30 adet Wistar albino disi sican 5 ayri gruba ayrildi. Radyasyon hasari icin kontrol haric tum sicanlara 8,3 Gy X isini uygulandi. LK gruplarina isinlamadan once gunluk 200mg/kg LK uygulandi. Isinlama sonrasi 6.saatte (Rad-1) ve 4. gunde (Rad-2) ovaryum dokulari toplandi. Ovaryum dokusundan her 5. kesit alinarak hematoksilen-eozin boyamasi yapilarak oosit cekirdeginin goruldugu her oosit sayildi. Follikuller primordiyal, primer, preantral ve antral olacak sekilde siniflandirildi. Serumdaki IL-1α (interlokin-1 alfa), IL-4 (interlokin-4) ve GM-CSF (granulosit monosit koloni situmulan faktor) degerleri flow sitometri ile analiz edildi. BULGULAR : Iyonize radyasyon uygulamasinin sonrasinda 6.saat ve 4. gun ovaryum dokulari alinan gruplarda atretik follikullerin oraninda artis gozlendi. Granuloza hucreleri yuvarlak sekilli ve apoptotik hucre gorunumunde izlendi. Iyonize radyasyona maruz kalan sicanlarin ovaryum dokulari incelendiginde 4.gun IR grubunda atretik follikullerin sayisi 6. saat IR grubuna gore belirgin bir sekilde artmisti. LK uygulanan gruplarda IR’nun yarattigi hasarda belirgin bir duzelme gozlendi. IR gruplarinda serumdaki IL-1α, IL-4 ve GM-CSF duzeyleri kontrol grubu ve tedavi grubuna gore artmis olarak izlendi. SONUC : Iyonize radyasyonun akut olarak primordiyal ve primer follikullerdeki dejenerasyonu arttirdigi sonucuna varilmistir. Ayrica, L-karnitinin iyonize radyasyona bagli gelisen follikuler atrezide koruyucu bir rolu oldugunu dusunmekteyiz.