KangWoo Lee

A critical review of selective attention: an interdisciplinary perspective

During the last half century, significant efforts have been made to explore the underlying mechanisms of visual selective attention using a variety of approaches—psychology, neuroscience, and computational models. Among them, the computational approach emerged on the stage with the development of computer science and computer vision focusing researchers interests in this area. However, computer scientists often face the difficulty of how to construct a computational model of selective attention working on their own purpose. Here, we critically review studies of selective attention from a multidisciplinary perspective to take lessons from psychological and biological studies of attention. We consider how constraints from those studies can be imposed on computational models of selective attention.

Inverse color to black-and-white halftone conversion via dictionary learning and color mapping

This paper challenges the problem of estimating the original red-green-blue (RGB) image from a black-and-white (B&W) halftone image with homogeneously distributed dot patterns. To achieve this goal, training RGB images are converted into color-embedded gray images using the conventional reversible color to gray conversion method, and then converted into halftone images using error diffusion in order to produce the corresponding B&W halftone images. The proposed method is composed of two processing steps: (1) restoring the color-embedded gray image from an input B&W halftone image using a sparse linear representation between the image patch pairs obtained from the images and (2) restoring the original colors from the color-embedded gray image using the reversible color to gray conversion and linear color mapping methods. The proposed method successfully demonstrates the recovery of colors similar to the originals. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the conventional methods. It is suggested that our method is not only successfully applied for the color recovery of the B&W halftone image, but that it can also be extended to various applications including color restoration of printed image, hardcopy data hiding, and halftone color compression.

Similarity attraction effects in mobile advertisement: Interaction between user personality and advertisement personality

Personality is an essential feature for social interaction that contributes to persons preference to products. In this paper, using M-CID(Multimedia Caller-ID) in mobile advertisement, the similarity attraction effect between user and ads personalities is examined. A 2 (M-CID advertisement personality: introvert vs. extrovert) by 2 (participant personality: introvert vs. extrovert) experiment is carried out to investigate users attitude on advertised product. The results show that the introverted users are more likely to prefer the introverted ads, whereas the extroverted users are more likely to prefer the extroverted ads. These similarity attraction influences on the users attitudes on the product. Our results suggest an advertisement strategy for mobile phone applications.

A fast recovery scheme based on detour planning for in-band openflow networks

In SDN, a network can be controlled using in-band or out-of-band control networks. Most of current research for SDN focuses on an out-of-band network. In this network, the controller is directly connected to every router or switch in one-to-one manner. However, out-of-band networks are expensive to build due to the requirement of a separate network and cannot provide integration with previous network infrastructure such as legacy, DSL, and WSN, etc. Also, this network may not be feasible in realistic scenarios. To solve the above problem, SDN is required to be implemented for an in-band network. Because control and data traffics share the same network links, fast recovery is one of important problems in SDN. In this paper, we propose a fast recovery scheme for in-band OpenFlow networks. We design a detour planning to reduce the control message overhead. To evaluate performance of proposed scheme, we have developed laboratory scale in-band SDN testbed. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme reduces control overhead and guarantees the network QoS.

A common computational process in cueing and conjunction search tasks

The question of whether Posner’s beam is the same as Treisman’s glue is addressed to construct a computational model that integrates both target and cue information. The cueing and conjunction search tasks are conducted to analyze a common process that may be underlying the tasks. The dynamic interaction between target and cue information produces attentional benefit- and cost-based in the cueing task. Furthermore, the search order for target candidates in a conjunction search task is determined through the integration of target and cue information, which is basically the same as in the cueing task. Our simulations suggest that consistency (or validity) is considered as a computational process that may be commonly involved in the both tasks.

From Eye Fixation to Perception: Reconstruction of Perceptual State from Eye Fixated Points on an Ambiguous Figure

What we see does not totally rely on the external source, rather we actively interpret visual objects through moving our eye and establish possible hypothesis. It is a controversial how global percept can be achieved from the local information. In this paper, we investigate the perceptual construction (or reconstruction) from local information. Using a computational method, so-called Label Consistent K-Singular Value Decomposition, we tried to estimate perceptual states of ambiguous figure.

Constructing Perceptual Common Ground Between Human and Robot Through Joint Attention

Joint attention is a communicative activity that allows social partners to share perceptual experiences by jointly attending to an environmental object. Unlike the common approach towards joint attention, which is based on the developmental view in robotics, here it is conceptualized with a psychophysical paradigm known as cueing. The triadic interaction of joint attention is formalized as the conditional probability of an attentional response for a given target candidate derived from object features and a cue derived from a human partner’s indication. A robotic system to which the joint attention model is applied conducted a series of tasks to demonstrate the properties of the computational model. The robotic system successfully performed the tasks, which could not be specified by the information derived from a target object alone; furthermore, the system demonstrated how perceptual and selection ambiguity is resolved through joint attentive interaction and made to converge into a common perceptual state. The results imply that a perceptual common ground is constructed on the triadic relationship between user, robot, and objects through joint attentive interaction.

Dynamic Load Balancing of Local Mobility Anchors in Software Defined Networking based Proxy Mobile IPv6

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is an IP mobility protocol. In a PMIPv6 domain, local mobility anchor is involved in control as well as data communication. To ease the load on a mobility anchor and avoid single point of failure, the PMIPv6 standard provides the opportunity of having multiple mobility anchors. In this paper, we propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) based solution to provide load balancing among mobility anchors, in a SDN based PMIPv6 domain. In the proposed solution, a mobility controller performs acts as a central control entity, and performs load monitoring on the mobility anchors. On detecting the load crossing over a threshold for a certain mobility anchor, the controller moves some traffic from highly loaded mobility anchor to relatively less loaded mobility anchor. Analytical model and primitive performance evaluation of the proposed solution is presented in this paper, which demonstrates 5% and 40% improvement in uplink and downlink traffic disruption periods, respectively

Combining eye fixation and context-directed saliency for attentive object segmentation

Techniques to identify an attentive object in an image, captured synchronously with an eye tracker, rely on the human fixations being inside the boundary of the object. However, eye tracking experiments show that fixations are often near, but outside an attentive object, when the viewer is not trying to place the fixations inside. If fixations occur outside an object boundary, it is difficult to segment it properly. We address this problem by correlating context-directed visual saliencies with eye fixations. Our model is based on prior specification of the weights applied to bottom-up saliency. Experiments on the meeting scenes indicate that our method achieves a detection rate of 95.6%.

Sending Social Impression via a Mobile Phone

Multimedia caller identification (MCID) is a new application for mobile phones that displays video contents. Its roles in impression formation were examined in automobile telemarketing context. The expertise and kindness of a car dealer are presented in both visual MCID and verbal conversation contents. Experimental results show that the MCID content elicits higher ratings of kindness, whereas conversation content elicits higher ratings of expertise. Information related to car sales can be effectively delivered by how the visual and verbal contents are combined. These results also suggest that showing visually kind and verbally intelligent would be the best strategy for achieving more positive evaluation from clients of telemarketing.