Kaoru Tsujii

Extremophiles in deep-sea environments

1 Biodiversity in Deep-Sea Environments.- 1 Isolation and Characterization of Microorganisms from Deep-Sea Mud.- 2 Molecular Analyses of the Sediment and Isolation of Extreme Barophiles from the Deepest Mariana Trench.- 3 Taxonomy and Biotransformation Activities of Deep-Sea Actinomycetes.- 4 Microbial Diversity in the Sediments Collected from Cold-Seep Areas and from Different Depths of the Deep-Sea.- 2 Adaptation and Response of Extremophiles Toward Extreme Deep-Sea Conditions.- 5 Barophiles (Piezophiles).- 6 Thermophiles.- 7 Deep-Sea Psychrophiles.- 8 Organic Solvent-Tolerant Microorganisms.- 9 Microbial Processes Associated with a Methane Seep Tubeworm.- 3 New Approaches and Future Scope for Deep-Sea Microbiology.- 10 Barophysiology (Piezophysiology).- 11 Genome Analysis of Facultatively AlkaliphilicBacillus haloduransC-125.- 12 Future Scope.- Appendix: International Congress on Extremophiles 88 at Yokohama.- Appendix: List of Publications of the First DEEPSTAR Project: October 1, 1990 to September 30, 1998.

Flow cell for in situ optical microscopy in water at high temperatures and pressures up to supercritical state

A high temperature and pressure flow cell for optical microscopy has been developed. The cell is designed to allow observations at temperatures and pressures above the critical point of water (374u200a°C, 22.1 MPa) up to 400u200a°C and 35 MPa. Due to the small dimension and the effective cooling system, the cell can be installed on a conventional inverted optical microscope, and observations can be done with the optical resolution of 2 μm. A microscope system incorporating the present cell has been used successfully to observe micro-organisms under hydrothermal conditions including supercritical water.

Microscopic observation of biological substances in near- and supercritical water

Publisher Summary One of the most fundamental properties of a solvent is to dissolve various substances. To survey the behavior of wide variety of biological substances in SCW, direct observation by an optical microscope is the most efficient and effective method. This chapter describes the new flow type cell, and the observations of biological substances under hydrothermal conditions that are made with this cell. For this purpose, a high temperature and high pressure cell is developed for an optical microscope. Because of the small dimension and the effective cooling system, the cell can be installed on a conventional inverted optical microscope, and the specimens can be observed with high optical resolution. With the cell, the behavior of biological substances is successfully observed, such as polysaccharides and microorganisms in near- and supercritical water.