Karen Hulme

Radiation Warfare: A Review of the Legality of Depleted Uranium Weaponry

Criticized by many as the new “weapon of mass destruction,” lauded by some as the “weapon of choice in combat,” the use of depleted uranium ammunition in warfare raises many legal questions. Designed as a point weapon to penetrate armoured targets, scientific studies prove that depleted uranium has both chemically and radioactively toxic characteristics. Clearly, every weapon of war will have some affect on human health and the environment, but the laws of armed conflict have evolved to place limits on the level of harm viewed as permissible and legal. Does this “weapon of choice,” therefore, breach the international laws of armed conflict? Although the subject of media frenzy in the immediate aftermath of the 1999 Kosovo conflict, the use of depleted uranium ammunition in Iraq 2003 raised little media attention. How could the use of such a controversial weapon in 1991 go largely unnoticed just four years later? Does this lack of global condemnation necessarily lead to the conclusion that the “dictates of the public conscience” have evolved in regard to the use of this previously controversial weapon of war? This article seeks to analyze the legality of the use of depleted uranium ammunition — the main question being whether the existing laws of armed conflict are already sufficient to address any human and environmental concerns.

International Law and the Construction of the Liberal Peace

fulness in the theory of natality sits awkwardly with the critique of the current state of gender reforms. Even well-meaning feminists are making the problem worse with their reform agendas, Heathcote argues. I would counter that there is room for impure reform, constantly bringing attention to and widening the creative space, allowing time to work, part of Heathcote’s vision of pluralism. But Heathcote’s critiques ring true to my practitioner and policy experience, especially in relation to Western women’s agendas. It is crucial to bring rigour and creativity to bear on this issue.