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Dive into the research topics where Karen Kavanaugh is active.

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Featured researches published by Karen Kavanaugh.


Qualitative Health Research | 2003

Within-Case and Across-Case Approaches to Qualitative Data Analysis

Lioness Ayres; Karen Kavanaugh; Kathleen A. Knafl

The generalizations developed by qualitative researchers are embedded in the contextual richness of individual experience. Qualitative data management strategies that depend solely on coding and sorting of texts into units of like meaning can strip much of this contextual richness away. To prevent this, some authors have recommended treating individual accounts as whole cases or stories, but whole cases are difficult to compare with one another when the goal of the research is to develop generalizations that represent multiple accounts. In this article, the authors describe the ways in which three different qualitative researchers combined across-case coding and sorting with a variety of within-case data management and analysis techniques to produce contextually grounded, generalizable findings.


Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition | 1990

The accuracy of test weighing for preterm infants.

Paula P. Meier; T. Y. Lysakowski; Janet L. Engstrom; Karen Kavanaugh; Henry H. Mangurten

A series of recent studies has suggested that preterm infants are capable of breast feeding at weights <1,500 g. However, estimating intake during breast feeding for these small infants is important for safe clinical practice and valid research. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of test weighing as an estimate of intake for preterm infants using two types of scales: a mechanical scale (Toledo) commonly used in many special care nurseries, and a new electronic scale (SMART; Olympic Medical). Fifty clinically stable preterm infants, weighing between 1,088 and 2,440 g (mean =1,599 g), who were clothed identically for all weights and feedings, were studied. Two experienced neonatal nurses (RN-1 and RN-2) collected the data. Before feeding, each infant was weighed once on each scale by each nurse; the order of nurse and scale was assigned randomly. Then, RN-1 administered a prescribed volume of feeding. After feeding, RN-2 weighed each infant twice on each scale; the order of scale was assigned randomly. RN-1 was blind to postfeed weights, and RN-2 was blind to actual volume of intake. Results indicated that differences between the actual and estimated volumes of intake were smaller for the electronic than for the mechanical scale on all measures. These findings suggest that test weighing with an electronic scale provides an accurate estimate of intake for preterm infants, and support the use of this instrument in clinical practice and research.


Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing | 2006

Neonatal end-of-life care: a review of the research literature.

Teresa T. Moro; Karen Kavanaugh; Susan Okuno-Jones; Jody A. VanKleef

While advances in neonatal medicine have increased the possibility of sustaining life for many infants, more infants still die in the neonatal period (birth to 27 days of life) than those in any other time in childhood. Despite this statistic, there still remains much that is unknown about both the needs and the care of these critically ill babies. Palliative care is a viable option for many of these infants and their families. However, palliative care is rarely provided as an option for families. To provide healthcare providers with an overview of palliative and end-of-life care for infants in the neonatal period, we conducted an integrative review of the current research literature. A total of 10 articles were selected for the review. Findings from these studies were summarized in 1 of 4 categories: practices of withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment, pain management during ventilator withdrawal, parents and the decision-making process, and the dying process.


Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing | 2006

Extending palliative care into pregnancy and the immediate newborn period: state of the practice of perinatal palliative care.

Lizabeth H. Sumner; Karen Kavanaugh; Teresa Moro

Many infants die immediately prior to birth or in the neonatal period; thus, it is imperative that we begin to recognize the importance of integrating palliative care into pregnancy and the immediate newborn period. While advances in perinatal care have changed the decisions parents face when they receive a diagnosis of a life-limiting or life-threatening condition, the importance of perinatal palliative care has only recently been recognized as a viable option for care. Perinatal palliative care emphasizes the importance of planning for the limited amount of time families may have with their baby. This article provides a brief overview of perinatal palliative care, with a focus on who may benefit, the goals of care, and what services are provided. There is also a review of current palliative care programs and a discussion of how nurses can become more involved in this much-needed area of infant care.


Obstetrics & Gynecology | 2010

Providing Advice to Parents for Women at Acutely High Risk of Periviable Delivery

William A. Grobman; Karen Kavanaugh; Teresa T. Moro; Raye Ann deRegnier; Teresa A. Savage

OBJECTIVE: To better understand preferred approaches that health care professionals could use when caring for parents who are at risk of giving birth to an extremely premature infant. METHODS: Women who were at high risk of having a periviable birth were recruited from three tertiary care hospitals with level 3 neonatal intensive care units. These women, as well as their partners, physicians, and nurses underwent structured interviews both before and after delivery. Interviews were analyzed for advice that was provided to health care professionals who could be involved in the future counseling of antenatal patients at high risk of periviable delivery. RESULTS: Forty women, 14 fathers, and 52 health care providers participated in the interview process. Two main themes were identified—namely, the fundamental importance of information provision and support. Nevertheless, although all participants agreed about the importance of these actions, several areas of discordance among participants were noted. Nearly one third of parents emphasized the importance of “hope”; 60% and 45% recommended the provision of supplementary written and Internet materials, respectively. In contrast, most health care providers expressed the importance of “objectivity,” and only 15% and 5% thought written or Internet materials, respectively, were desirable, given the concern that supplementary information sources could be misleading. CONCLUSION: Both patients and providers agree about the centrality of information provision and emotional support for women at risk of periviable delivery. This study not only elucidates preferred approaches and methods by which this information and support could be optimized, but also shows pitfalls that, if not avoided, may impair the relationship between provider and patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II


Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing | 2008

The Parental Experience of Pregnancy After Perinatal Loss

Katrina J. DeBackere; Pamela D. Hill; Karen Kavanaugh

OBJECTIVE To review the research literature on the parental experience of pregnancy, primarily maternal, subsequent to perinatal loss. DATA SOURCES Computerized searches on CINAHL and PubMed databases. STUDY SELECTION Articles from indexed journals relevant to the objective were reviewed from January 1997 to December 2007. Only research-based studies in English were included. DATA EXTRACTION The review was performed using the methodology of Whittemore and Knafl (2005). Data were extracted and organized under headings: author/year/setting; purpose; sample; design/instruments; results; and nursing implications for parents during a pregnancy following a perinatal loss. DATA SYNTHESIS Depression and anxiety are frequently seen in pregnant women subsequent to a perinatal loss. The parental experience is filled with intense and conflicting emotions as parents balance being hopeful while worrying about another potential loss. CONCLUSIONS It is important for health care providers to evaluate the womans obstetric history, acknowledge and validate previous perinatal loss, and discuss with her what would be helpful during the prenatal period with respect to the previous perinatal loss.


Journal of Pediatric Nursing | 1998

Nursing Interventions to Reduce Stress in Parents of Hospitalized Preterm Infants

Terry Griffin; Cathy Wishba; Karen Kavanaugh

Parental stress related to having a neonate in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) has been well documented in the nursing literature. Yet, as nurses we need to be reminded of strategies that can combat this stress and ease the transition to home.


Qualitative Health Research | 2012

Divergent Views of Hope Influencing Communications Between Parents and Hospital Providers

Cecelia I. Roscigno; Teresa A. Savage; Karen Kavanaugh; Teresa T. Moro; Sarah J. Kilpatrick; Howard T. Strassner; William A. Grobman; Robert E. Kimura

This study evaluated parents’ and health care providers’ (HCPs) descriptions of hope following counseling of parents at risk of delivering an extremely premature infant. Data came from a longitudinal multiple case study investigation that examined the decision making and support needs of 40 families and their providers. Semistructured interviews were conducted before and after delivery. Divergent viewpoints of hope were found between parents and many HCPs and were subsequently coded using content analysis. Parents relied on hope as an emotional motivator, whereas most HCPs described parents’ notions of hope as out of touch with reality. Parents perceived that such divergent beliefs about the role of hope negatively shaped communicative interactions and reduced trust with some of their providers. A deeper understanding of how varying views of hope might shape communications will uncover future research questions and lead to theory-based interventions aimed at improving the process of discussing difficult news with parents.


Journal of Family Nursing | 2004

Social Support Following Perinatal Loss

Karen Kavanaugh; Darcie Trier; Michelle Korzec

The purpose of this project was to examine parents’ descriptions of the ways family and friends supported them after they had experienced a perinatal loss. For this project, a secondary analysis of data from two phenomenological studies on perinatal loss was performed. A combined total of 62 interview transcripts from 22 mothers and 9 fathers were examined. Data analysis included identifying all statements in the interview transcripts that pertained to the ways that family and friends supported parents. The modes of supportive behavior (emotional, advice/feedback, practical, financial, and socializing) in Vaux’s theory of social support served as a useful framework for presenting the findings. Parents received emotional support most frequently. Findings from the current study provide data for health care professionals to use to provide guidance to family and friends of bereaved parents.


MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing | 2007

Meaningful moments: The use of ritual in perinatal and pediatric death

Kathie Kobler; Rana Limbo; Karen Kavanaugh

Rituals provide meaning and order to transitions, and symbolically connect people and events. Despite the prevalence of perinatal loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, and newborn death) and pediatric deaths, little has been written about the use of rituals surrounding these losses. The purpose of this article is to define the dimensions of a ritual as each pertains to perinatal and pediatric death, and provide concrete applications for use in clinical practice. Intention, participation, and meaning-making are the key dimensions of rituals that arise from clinical encounters. Initiating the discussion about ritual and the timing of the ritual itself are critical elements for the nurse who is caring for a bereaved family. Because of the paucity of research on using rituals in perinatal and pediatric death, nurse researchers should design studies that explore the outcomes of using rituals, both in the short- and long-term, following the death.

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Teresa A. Savage

University of Illinois at Chicago

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Teresa T. Moro

University of Illinois at Chicago

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Patricia E. Hershberger

University of Illinois at Chicago

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Paula P. Meier

University of Illinois at Chicago

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Janet L. Engstrom

Rush University Medical Center

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Robert E. Kimura

Rush University Medical Center

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