Karin Pachel

Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration of biologically treated leachate.

Experiments of nano-filtration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were conducted to remove most pollutants from the biological treated leachate. For example, the purified permeate after reverse osmosis treatment with spiral membranes reached effluent water quality as follows: COD of 57 mg O2/l, BOD7 of 35 mg O2/l, and suspended solid of 1 mg/l which satisfies the discharge standards in Estonia. For both RO and NF, conductivity can be reduced by 91% from 6.06 to 0.371 mS/cm by RO and 99% from 200 to 1 mS/cm by NF. To test the service life of the RO spiral membranes, the process was able to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of biologically treated leachate by 97.9% and 93.2% even after 328 and 586 hours, respectively. However, only 39.0% and 21.7% reductions of Ptot and Ntot were achieved. As a result, neither RO (spiral membranes process) nor NF was able to reduce the total nitrogen (TN) to the required discharge limit of 15 mg/l.

URBAN STORMWATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY IN THE CITY OF TALLINN

The conducted clinical and instrumental study revealed that the aggregate group of the patients with chronic diseases of throat differs by increased frequency of isolated and combined disorders of gastrointestinal tract. If a patient has such symptoms as hoarseness, tickling, scratching, burning, feeling of dryness in throat, frequent variant of gastro-intestinal tract disorders is gastroesophageal reflux disease with pharyngolaryneal reflux. There are such severe pathologies of throat as pachydermia of vocal cords and nodules of vocal cords among more frequently met disorders at gastro-intestinal tract diseases. High probability of accompanied pathology of throat in the form of pachydermia and nodules of vocal cords at patients with gastro-intestinal tract disorders stipulates for the necessity of conducting fibrorhynolaryngoscopy in combination with fibergastroscopy.Study presents short overview of drug situation’s indicators during the first, or heroin decade of drugs, and then during the second, soft and synthetic drugs decade of drugs in Slovakia. Then the results of series of nation-wide school surveys, mapping development of licit and illicit drugs use among children and youth during nineties are outlined. The results indicated constant growth of licit and illicit drugs consumption among primary school pupils, and secondary school students until the fourth wave of nation-wide school surveys in the years 2006 – 2007. However, the next wave after four years has detected profound change in the expected pattern of further growth in the case of illicit drugs. Instead of this decline of use or at least stabilization occurred among Slovak youth. At the same time we have found growth of use in the case of licit drugs – alcohol and tobacco, more profoundly among girls. Also the use of new synthetic drugs among young people was revealed via traditional school survey.

COMPLIANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN JÄRVA COUNTY WITH THE EU URBAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT DIRECTIVE AND ESTONIAN NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

The conducted clinical and instrumental study revealed that the aggregate group of the patients with chronic diseases of throat differs by increased frequency of isolated and combined disorders of gastrointestinal tract. If a patient has such symptoms as hoarseness, tickling, scratching, burning, feeling of dryness in throat, frequent variant of gastro-intestinal tract disorders is gastroesophageal reflux disease with pharyngolaryneal reflux. There are such severe pathologies of throat as pachydermia of vocal cords and nodules of vocal cords among more frequently met disorders at gastro-intestinal tract diseases. High probability of accompanied pathology of throat in the form of pachydermia and nodules of vocal cords at patients with gastro-intestinal tract disorders stipulates for the necessity of conducting fibrorhynolaryngoscopy in combination with fibergastroscopy.Study presents short overview of drug situation’s indicators during the first, or heroin decade of drugs, and then during the second, soft and synthetic drugs decade of drugs in Slovakia. Then the results of series of nation-wide school surveys, mapping development of licit and illicit drugs use among children and youth during nineties are outlined. The results indicated constant growth of licit and illicit drugs consumption among primary school pupils, and secondary school students until the fourth wave of nation-wide school surveys in the years 2006 – 2007. However, the next wave after four years has detected profound change in the expected pattern of further growth in the case of illicit drugs. Instead of this decline of use or at least stabilization occurred among Slovak youth. At the same time we have found growth of use in the case of licit drugs – alcohol and tobacco, more profoundly among girls. Also the use of new synthetic drugs among young people was revealed via traditional school survey.

GENERALISED INTEGRATION OF SOLID WASTE TREATMENT PRACTICES TO ENHANCE METHANE PRODUCTIVITY, GENERATE SUSPENSION FERTILISER AND UPGRADE BIOGAS

Innovation is the application of new knowledge and its materialization. Thus it ensures the companys ability to cope with changes in the business environment and the ability to survive in the global competitive environment. As a result, innovation saves natural resources, provides safe and more efficient transport and production. Innovations change the style of work life, place emphasis on the importance of education, creativity, communication and collaboration. However, innovations are associated with a number of problems. They require high costs of the research and development and they face the risks during implementation. This paper describes specific experience with the application of principles and tools of logistics, project management and mainly the application of management system created for the streamlining not only the process of preparation and implementation of the specific innovation project, but also for the streamlining the operation of research and development workplace which implement innovative projects.