Karina Krähembühl Salvador

Hearing process in children with cleft lip and palate with or without history of otitis

INTRODUCTION: Considering that hearing loss and otologic complications can interfere in the maturation process of central nervous system, this study aimed to check the performance of children with cleft lip and palate with or without the history of otitis media in the evaluation of the hearing process. METHOD: Prospective study. Were evaluated 20 children with operated cleft lip and palate, aged between 7 to 10 years old, divided into group I - 10 children with cleft lip and palate with history of otitis - and group II - with 10 children with cleft lip and palate with no history of otitis. Were performed diotic, monotic and dichotic tests. RESULTS: All the children presented a bad performance in at least one dichotic test. In these diotic tests, children of group I had the worst performance, while in the monotic tests the worst performance was of group II. CONCLUSION: All the children with history of otitis and all the children with no history have presented a bad performance in the processing tests,in other words, some kind of central alteration was found in 100% of the children studied in both groups.

Processamento auditivo na perda auditiva unilateral: relato de caso

Unilateral hearing loss represents great risk to academic backwardness, communication, social development, and also to auditory processing. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the auditory abilities of localization, closing, figure-ground, temporal resolution, and simple temporal ordering in a male 17-year-old individual diagnosed with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss of idiopathic etiology, without other alterations. The evaluation process consisted on the application of a checklist, and the conduction of conventional clinical audiological evaluation (pure-tone audiometry, logoaudiometry, and tympanometry), and of monotic (ipsilateral SSI, Filtered speech test) and diotic (Sound localization, Auditory memory for verbal and non-verbal sounds, AFT-R) auditory processing test. Results showed alteration only in the sound localization test. No complaints were reported regarding the abilities of sound localization, attention, discrimination, and comprehension. In this case study, the profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss did not seem to restrict the development of the auditory processing abilities evaluated, except for the localization of the sound source.

Auditory Attention: Time of Day and Type of School

Introduction:  The sustained auditory attention is crucial for the development of some communication skills and learning. Objective:  To evaluate the effect of time of day and type of school attended by children in their ability to sustained auditory attention. Method:  We performed a prospective study of 50 volunteer children of both sexes, aged 7 years, with normal hearing, no learning or behavioral problems and no complaints of attention. These participants underwent Ability Test of Sustained Auditory Attention (SAAAT). The performance was evaluated by total score and the decrease of vigilance. Statistical analysis was used to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results:  The result set by the normative test for the age group evaluated showed a statistically significant difference for the errors of inattention (p = 0.041, p = 0.027) and total error score (p = 0.033, p = 0.024), in different periods assessment and school types, respectively. Conclusion: Children evaluated in the afternoon and the children studying in public schools had a poorer performance on auditory attention sustained.

Relationship between lead in the blood and performance in the abilities from hearing process

INTRODUCAO: A contaminacao por chumbo afeta todos os sistemas do corpo humano, principalmente o sistema nervoso. OBJETIVO: Investigar se ha correlacao entre o nivel de plumbemia e o desempenho em testes do processamento auditivo. METODO: Estudo retrospectivo. 73 criancas, com idade entre 7 a 15 anos, residentes em uma area onde houve emissao de particulas de chumbo acima do permitido, com nivel de plumbemia maior ou igual a 10 microgramas/dL, exames audiologicos (audiometria e timpanometria) dentro dos padroes de normalidade. Para avaliar o processamento auditivo foram utilizados o Teste de Fusao Auditiva-Revisado (AFT-R), subteste 1, e o Teste Dicotico de Digitos (etapa de integracao binaural). Foi utilizado o teste de Spearman para verificar a correlacao entre os dados. RESULTADOS: O nivel de plumbemia variou de 10 a 30,2microgamas/dL, sendo a media correspondente a 15,8 microgramas/dL (desvio-padrao de 4,8). Dessas criancas, 60,3% apresentaram desempenho ruim no teste AFT-R, ou seja, resultados superiores a 60ms. Quanto ao Teste Dicotico de Digitos, 46,2% das criancas apresentaram desempenho ruim para a orelha direita e 67,3% apresentaram desempenho ruim na orelha esquerda. Conforme o resultado do teste de correlacao de Spearman, nao houve significância estatistica entre o nivel de chumbo e os resultados dos testes do processamento auditivo. CONCLUSAO: Nao houve correlacao entre o nivel de plumbemia e o desempenho nas habilidades do processamento auditivo, entretanto criancas contaminadas pelo chumbo apresentaram desempenho inferior nas habilidades do processamento auditivo.Introduction: The contamination by lead affects all the nervous systems from the human body, mostly the nervous system. Objective: Investigate if there is correlation between the blood lead levels and the performance in tests of hearing process. Method: Retrospective study. 73 children, with ages between 7 to 15 years, residents in a area where happened emission of lead above the permitted, with level of blood lead level bigger or equal to 10 micrograms/dL, audiological exams (audiometry and tympanometry) inside the normality patterns. To evaluate the hearing process were used the Auditory Fusion Test-Revised (AFT-R), subtest 1, and the dichotic test of digits (binaural integration stage). Was used the Spearman test to verify the correlation between the data. Results: The blood lead level varieties from 10 to 30,2 micrograms/dL, being the average corresponding to 15,8 micrograms/dL (standard deviation of 4,8). From those children, 60,3% presented a bad performance for the right ear and 67,3% presented a bad performance of the left ear. According to the results of the tests of correlation of Spearman, there were no significant statistical between the level of lead and the results of hearing processing tests. Conclusion: There were no correlation between the blood lead level and the performance in the abilities of the hearing process; however the contaminated children by the lead presented a lower performance in the abilities of the hearing processing.

Relação entre nível de chumbo no sangue e desempenho nas habilidades do processamento auditivo

INTRODUCAO: A contaminacao por chumbo afeta todos os sistemas do corpo humano, principalmente o sistema nervoso. OBJETIVO: Investigar se ha correlacao entre o nivel de plumbemia e o desempenho em testes do processamento auditivo. METODO: Estudo retrospectivo. 73 criancas, com idade entre 7 a 15 anos, residentes em uma area onde houve emissao de particulas de chumbo acima do permitido, com nivel de plumbemia maior ou igual a 10 microgramas/dL, exames audiologicos (audiometria e timpanometria) dentro dos padroes de normalidade. Para avaliar o processamento auditivo foram utilizados o Teste de Fusao Auditiva-Revisado (AFT-R), subteste 1, e o Teste Dicotico de Digitos (etapa de integracao binaural). Foi utilizado o teste de Spearman para verificar a correlacao entre os dados. RESULTADOS: O nivel de plumbemia variou de 10 a 30,2microgamas/dL, sendo a media correspondente a 15,8 microgramas/dL (desvio-padrao de 4,8). Dessas criancas, 60,3% apresentaram desempenho ruim no teste AFT-R, ou seja, resultados superiores a 60ms. Quanto ao Teste Dicotico de Digitos, 46,2% das criancas apresentaram desempenho ruim para a orelha direita e 67,3% apresentaram desempenho ruim na orelha esquerda. Conforme o resultado do teste de correlacao de Spearman, nao houve significância estatistica entre o nivel de chumbo e os resultados dos testes do processamento auditivo. CONCLUSAO: Nao houve correlacao entre o nivel de plumbemia e o desempenho nas habilidades do processamento auditivo, entretanto criancas contaminadas pelo chumbo apresentaram desempenho inferior nas habilidades do processamento auditivo.Introduction: The contamination by lead affects all the nervous systems from the human body, mostly the nervous system. Objective: Investigate if there is correlation between the blood lead levels and the performance in tests of hearing process. Method: Retrospective study. 73 children, with ages between 7 to 15 years, residents in a area where happened emission of lead above the permitted, with level of blood lead level bigger or equal to 10 micrograms/dL, audiological exams (audiometry and tympanometry) inside the normality patterns. To evaluate the hearing process were used the Auditory Fusion Test-Revised (AFT-R), subtest 1, and the dichotic test of digits (binaural integration stage). Was used the Spearman test to verify the correlation between the data. Results: The blood lead level varieties from 10 to 30,2 micrograms/dL, being the average corresponding to 15,8 micrograms/dL (standard deviation of 4,8). From those children, 60,3% presented a bad performance for the right ear and 67,3% presented a bad performance of the left ear. According to the results of the tests of correlation of Spearman, there were no significant statistical between the level of lead and the results of hearing processing tests. Conclusion: There were no correlation between the blood lead level and the performance in the abilities of the hearing process; however the contaminated children by the lead presented a lower performance in the abilities of the hearing processing.

Processamento auditivo, leitura e escrita na síndrome de Silver-Russell: relato de caso

The aim of this study was to describe the speech-language pathology aspects of auditory processing, reading and writing of a male patient diagnosed with Silver-Russell syndrome. With two months of age the patient presented weight-for-height deficit; broad forehead; small, prominent and low-set ears; high palate; discrete micrognathia; blue sclera; cafe-au-lait spots; overlapping of the first and second right toes; gastroesophageal reflux; high-pitched voice and cry; mild neuropsychomotor development delay; and difficulty to gain weight, receiving the diagnosis of the syndrome. In the psychological evaluation, conducted when he was 8 years old, the patient presented normal intellectual level, with cognitive difficulties involving sustained attention, concentration, immediate verbal memory, and emotional and behavioral processes. For an assessment of reading and writing and their underlying processes, carried out at age 9, the following tests were used: Reading Comprehension of Expository Texts, Phonological Abilities Profile, Auditory Discrimination Test, spontaneous writing, Scholastic Performance Test (SPT), Rapid Automatized Naming Test (RANT), and phonological working memory. He showed difficulties in all tests, with scores below expected for his age. In the auditory processing assessment, monotic, diotic and dichotic tests were conducted. Altered results were found for sustained and selective auditory attention abilities, sequencial memory for verbal and non-verbal sounds, and temporal resolution. It can be concluded that the patient presents alterations in the learning of reading and writing that might be secondary to the Silver-Russell syndrome, however, these difficulties can also be due to deficits in auditory processing abilities.