Karolina Gradiški

TXT-tool 3.081-1.5: Manual for the LS-RAPID Software

This paper highlights the LS RAPID software that has ability to simulate the initiation and motion of landslides. Fundamental equations and concepts in the LS RAPID model are briefly explained. Step by step procedure of the use of this software are presented, which started from setting of the topography, creating the possible sliding surface using the ellipsoidal parameter, delineation of the unstable mass, soil and water parameters input, triggering factors for the inducement of landslides, the conditions for calculation, running the landslide simulation and up to the output settings after the simulation. Several cases of landslides which were analyzed by LS RAPID are described further in the PDF Tool: Manual for the LS-RAPID software.

TXT-tool 3.385-1.1: Application of Integrated Landslide Simulation Model LS-Rapid to the Kostanjek Landslide, Zagreb, Croatia

This paper describes numerical modeling of the Kostanjek landslide using the LS-Rapid software. The analyses using the LS-Rapid software were made for two different triggering factors i.e. excess of pore water pressure, and combination of pore excess water pressure and earthquake occurrence, and it was applied at two different landslide cases. In the first case, the LS-Rapid software was used to re-examine the landslide model for the Kostanjek landslide reported by Ortolan (Development of 3D engineering geological model of deep landslide with multiple sliding surfaces (example of the Kostanjek landslide). Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 1996), Mihalinec and Stanic (Građevinar 43:441–447, 1991) and Stanic and Nonveiller (Eng Geol 42:269–283, 1996). In the second case, LS-Rapid was used to confirm the Kostanjek landslide model in which the sliding surfaces are initially developed through the soil mass. During the initial shearing, the excess pore pressure is often generated during the landslide activations by triggering factors and the post failure-motion of the landslide. The strength parameters used in these analyses were derived from tests in undrained ring shear apparatus carried out by Ostric et al. (Proceeding of the 10th anniversary of ICL, Kyoto, Japan, 2012a, Disaster Prevent Res Inst Annu B 55:57–65, b). It is expected that the results of the Kostanjek Landslide simulation using LS-Rapid software and parameters obtained from undrained tests carried out in ring shear apparatus would give realistic results and would help for better understanding of the Kostanjek landslide behavior.