Katarina Isaković

Neuro-Endocrine Correlates of Immune Response

Bilateral symmetrical electrolytic lesions were produced in the following areas of the rat brain: hypothalamus, reticular formation, thalamus, superior colliculus, caudate nucleus and amygdaloid compl

Microenvironmental Aspects of Immunity

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Ontogeny of the immuno-neuro-endocrine relationship. Changes in lymphoid tissues of chick embryos surgically decapitated at 33–38 hours of incubation

The prosencephalon, and primordium of the hypophysis were surgically removed from chick embryos at 33-38 hours of incubation. The thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, bone marrown and liver were examined cytomorphologically on day 15, 17 and 19. T marker-bearing and Bu marker-bearing lymphocytes were identified by immunofluorescence. Decapitated embryos tended to be smaller than sham-decapitated controls of the same age, and exhibited retarded development of the thymus, bursa, spleen and liver. Decapitation particularly affected the cellular composition of the bursa and spleen, induced a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, and caused a striking depletion of lymphocytes bearing Bu antigen. This experiment showed an interdependence between lymphoid (immune), nervous and endocrine centers in the chick embryo.

Ontogeny of the immuno-neuro-endocrine relationship: Early thymectomy of the chick embryo

Abstract A method of early embryonic thymectomy was described. ‘Thymectomy’ was performed by placing electrolytic lesions in the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches of the 72-h-old chick embryo. Thymectomized embryos which on day 17 of incubation contained 1–3 residual thymic lobes showed the following: significant reduction (79.6–92.9%) of thymic tissue and retardation in development. This experiment offers a new possibility for the study of immunoneuro-endocrine interactions and the ontogeny of immune capacity.

Negative immune deviation induced by lithium cation

Abstract Female CBA mice were treated with lithium chloride (5 and 10 mEq/kg), and immunized with sheep red blood cells. The plaque-forming cell response was much lower in lithium-treated mice than in control saline-treated mice. Multiple injections of lithium chloride induced profound morphological changes in the spleen and thymus. These immune changes were transient.

Cation-Induced Immunosuppression: The Effect of Lithium on Arthus Reactivity, Delayed Hypersensitivity and Antibody Production in the Rat

Arthus reactivity and delayed skin sensitivity to bovine serum albumin (BSA), and anti-BSA antibody production were markedly impaired in female Wistar rats repeatedly injected with lithium chloride.

M Receptor and T-Cell Differentiation in the Human Foetal Liver: An in Vitro Study

The foetal liver is an active site of B lymphocytopoiesis1,2. In the preceding paper3 we reported that the human foetal liver contains a large M+ population of cells from which common precursors of T and B lymphocytes are derived. Those M+T-B- precursors differentiate into pre-B cells of the M+T-B+ phenotype and pre-T cells of the M+T+B- phenotype. Thus, M receptor may be considered as an early differentiation marker of both B and T lymphocytes, and the foetal liver is probably an important source of T cell progenitors. The present paper deals with in vitro T cell differentiation of liver lymphocytes from 13–18.5 weeks old human foetuses.

M+ lymphocytes of the human foetal liver are precursors of T lymphocytes.

M receptors are widely considered to be associated with B cells and not with T cells1–3. Recent studies on suspensions from the peripheral blood, tonsils and lymph nodes selectively enriched in T cells revealed that M receptors are present on some of the T cells4. We reported5 that a significant number of human foetal thymocytes were M+, a finding which indicated that M receptor might be a differentiation marker of T lymphocytes. The aim of this study is to define M receptor-bearing cells in the human foetal liver, and the relationship between M receptors and maturation, differentiation and phenotypic expression of T lymphocytes.

The thymus-hypophysis interaction in the developing chick embryo: thymic epithelial cells in hypophysectomized embryos.

Previous studies demonstrated that lympho-neuroendocrine communications function in the early development of the chick embryo (Jankovic et al., 1978, 1980, 1981). Since thymic epithelial cells are widely considered capable of producing humoral factors, it was of interest to investigate the epithelial cells of the developing thymus in normal and hypophysectomized chick embryos.

M Receptor and Differentiation of T Lymphocytes in the Developing Human Thymus

In earlier studies we demonstrated that prothymocytes in the 14–22-week-old fetal liver contained receptors for mouse erythrocytes (1,2), and that M receptor is a differentiation marker of fetal and infant thymocytes (3). This report deals with the study of thymocyte subsets and T cell differentiation in human fetal and infant thymus, in which M receptor was used as a marker of T cells. Further, to provide a more composite picture of thymocyte differentiation and compesate the limitations of experimental methods in detecting the cells coexpressing more than two markers, a mathematical probability method defining various membrane phenotypes was used. On the basis of experimentally obtained data and results of regression analysis, a hypothetical pathway of T cell differentiation within the thymus was proposed.