Katherine Leach-Kemon

Financing of global health: tracking development assistance for health from 1990 to 2007

BACKGROUND The need for timely and reliable information about global health resource flows to low-income and middle-income countries is widely recognised. We aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of development assistance for health (DAH) from 1990 to 2007. METHODS We defined DAH as all flows for health from public and private institutions whose primary purpose is to provide development assistance to low-income and middle-income countries. We used several data sources to measure the yearly volume of DAH in 2007 US

Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis

, and created an integrated project database to examine the composition of this assistance by recipient country. FINDINGS DAH grew from

The state of health in the Arab world, 1990–2010: an analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors

5.6 billion in 1990 to

Development assistance for health: trends and prospects

21.8 billion in 2007. The proportion of DAH channelled via UN agencies and development banks decreased from 1990 to 2007, whereas the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), and non-governmental organisations became the conduit for an increasing share of DAH. DAH has risen sharply since 2002 because of increases in public funding, especially from the USA, and on the private side, from increased philanthropic donations and in-kind contributions from corporate donors. Of the

The Global Financial Crisis Has Led To A Slowdown In Growth Of Funding To Improve Health In Many Developing Countries

13.8 [corrected] billion DAH in 2007 for which project-level information was available,

Global Health Development Assistance Remained Steady In 2013 But Did Not Align With Recipients’ Disease Burden

4.9 [corrected] billion was for HIV/AIDS, compared with

Sources and Focus of Health Development Assistance, 1990–2014

0.6 [corrected] billion for tuberculosis,

Regional variation in the allocation of development assistance for health.

0.7 [corrected] billion for malaria, and

Vaccine resource tracking systems

0.9 billion for health-sector support. Total DAH received by low-income and middle-income countries was positively correlated with burden of disease, whereas per head DAH was negatively correlated with per head gross domestic product. INTERPRETATION This study documents the substantial rise of resources for global health in recent years. Although the rise in DAH has resulted in increased funds for HIV/AIDS, other areas of global health have also expanded. The influx of funds has been accompanied by major changes in the institutional landscape of global health, with global health initiatives such as the Global Fund and GAVI having a central role in mobilising and channelling global health funds. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Filling gaps in all-cause and cause-specific mortality and disability data are essential for improving Global Burden of Disease estimation: descriptive study of missing data by country and region

BACKGROUND Government spending on health from domestic sources is an important indicator of a governments commitment to the health of its people, and is essential for the sustainability of health programmes. We aimed to systematically analyse all data sources available for government spending on health in developing countries; describe trends in public financing of health; and test the extent to which they were related to changes in gross domestic product (GDP), government size, HIV prevalence, debt relief, and development assistance for health (DAH) to governmental and non-governmental sectors. METHODS We did a systematic analysis of all data sources available for government expenditures on health as agent (GHE-A) in developing countries, including government reports and databases from WHO and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). GHE-A consists of domestically and externally financed public health expenditures. We assessed the quality of these sources and used multiple imputation to generate a complete sequence of GHE-A. With these data and those for DAH to governments, we estimated government spending on health from domestic sources. We used panel-regression methods to estimate the association between government domestic spending on health and GDP, government size, HIV prevalence, debt relief, and DAH disbursed to governmental and non-governmental sectors. We tested the robustness of our conclusions using various models and subsets of countries. FINDINGS In all developing countries, public financing of health in constant US