Kátia Galeão Brandt

Characteristics of Dysphagia in Infants with Microcephaly Caused by Congenital Zika Virus Infection, Brazil, 2015

Oral motor dysfunction begins after 3 months of age and is severe.

Influence of Enteral Nutrition on Occurrences of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of enteral feeding management on occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in a sample of 1028 VLBW infants (750 to 1499 g) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between January 2003 and May 2008. “Cases” were infants born with VLBW and diagnosed with NEC within the first 30 days of life, and “controls” were VLBW infants who did not develop NEC during this period. Occurrences of NEC were defined using the modified Bell criteria (stage ≥2). Results: Among the 1028 VLBW infants, 55 (5.4%) developed NEC within the first month of life. Logistic regression analysis showed that breast milk given exclusively for <7 days (odds ratio [OR] = 4.02), never achieving full enteral feeding during the first month (OR = 3.50), and parenteral nutrition (OR = 2.70) were factors that increased the chances of NEC occurrence. The use of vasoactive drugs was associated with a lower risk of NEC (OR = 0.15). Conclusions: Breast milk should be recommended as a priority for the enteral nutrition of VLBW infants for no <7 days. Enteral nutrition should start early and progress quickly to achieve full enteral feeding; these procedures may help reduce the occurrence of NEC.

Soroprevalência da doença celíaca em ambulatório pediátrico, no nordeste do Brasil

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease is a common problem affecting children and adults, for which early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and deaths. Seroprevalence studies in our environment are still scarce. AIMS: To determine the seroprevalence of celiac disease by using human tissue antiendomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies, among children and adolescents who were attended at a general pediatric outpatient clinic. METHODS: This was a seroprevalence study of descriptive cross-sectional design. First, assays for guinea pig tissue anti-transglutaminase antibodies were performed. Subsequently, in the positive cases, assays for human tissue antiendomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies were performed. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of celiac disease by means of anti-guinea pig tissue anti-transglutaminase antibodies was 5% (42/831; 95% CI: 3.76%-6.90%). Considering three positive tests, the seroprevalence was 1.9% (16/831; 95% CI: 1.83%-1.97%). The concordance of human anti-transglutaminase with antiendomysial was 71%. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence of celiac disease was high. Serological screening for celiac disease among children and adolescents who present signs and/or symptoms compatible with celiac disease should be performed routinely, as well as in groups already known to be at risk, given the high seroprevalence of celiac disease observed in our environment.

Doença celíaca em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1

To know the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in a group of children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional study was conducted at the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP) in March 2000. The sample consisted of 19 children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus that had the human antitissue transglutaminase antibodies assessed using kits from the Eurospital Laboratory. In case of positive results it was realized small intestine biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. For the calculation of the prevalence of CD it was considered the number of patients with serum positive histological alterations of the mucous membrane of the small intestine compatible with CD. Four patients presented serum positivity for human antitissue transglutaminase antibodies with a serum prevalence of 21% (4/19). Out of these four subjects, three who accomplished small intestine biopsy presented histological alterations compatible with CD. The prevalence of CD in this group was 15.8% (3/19). The prevalence of CD in this study group was high, suggesting that those with type I diabetes mellitus should be led as a group of high risk to develop this disease.

Acute diarrhea: evidence-based management

OBJECTIVES To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatric patients with acute diarrheal disease. DATA SOURCE PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. DATA SUMMARY There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in recent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines. Several studies have been performed to improve the effectiveness of ORS. Intravenous hydration with isotonic saline solution, quickly infused, should be given in cases of severe dehydration. Nutrition should be ensured after the dehydration resolution, and is essential for intestinal and immune health. Dietary restrictions are usually not beneficial and may be harmful. Symptomatic medications have limited indication and antibiotics are indicated in specific cases, such as cholera and moderate to severe shigellosis. CONCLUSIONS Hydration and nutrition are the interventions with the greatest impact on the course of acute diarrhea.

Breastfeeding increases microbial community resilience

Objective Since the present group had already described the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Brazilian infants under low social economic level, the aim of the present study was to analyze the microbial community structure changes in this group of infants during their early life due to external factors.OBJECTIVE Since the present group had already described the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Brazilian infants under low social economic level, the aim of the present study was to analyze the microbial community structure changes in this group of infants during their early life due to external factors. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 11 infants monthly during the first year of life. The infants were followed regarding clinical and diet information and characterized according to breastfeeding practices. DNA was extracted from fecal samples of each child and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction - Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. RESULTS The results revealed a pattern of similarity between the time points for those who were on exclusive breastfeeding or predominant breastfeeding. Although there were changes in intensity and fluctuation of some bands, the Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis patterns in the one-year microbial analysis were stable for breastfeeding children. There was uninterrupted ecological succession despite the influence of external factors, such as complementary feeding and antibiotic administration, suggesting microbiota resilience. This was not observed for those children who had mixed feeding and introduction of solid food before the 5th month of life. CONCLUSION These results suggested an intestinal microbiota pattern resilient to external forces, due to the probiotic and prebiotic effects of exclusive breastfeeding, reinforcing the importance of exclusive breastfeeding until the 6th month of life.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Celiac disease DUX (CDDUX)

OBJECTIVE To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a specific questionnaire for the evaluation of celiac children and adolescents, the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX). METHODS The steps suggested by Reichenheim and Moraes (2007) were followed to obtain conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalences. Four pediatric gastroenterologists; a researcher with tool validation background; three English teachers; and 33 celiac patients, aged 8-18 years, and their caregivers participated in the study. The scores of celiac patients and those obtained from their caregivers were compared. Among the patients, the scores were compared in relation to gender and age. RESULTS All items were considered relevant to the construct and good semantic equivalence of the version was acquired. During measurement equivalence, the exploratory factor analysis showed appropriate weight of all items and good internal consistency, with Cronbachs α of 0.81. Significant difference was found among the final scores of children and their caregivers. There was no difference among the final scores in relation to gender or age. CONCLUSION The questionnaire was translated and adapted according to all the proposed steps, with all equivalences adequately met. It is a valid tool to access the QoL of celiac children and adolescents in the translated language.

Anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of Brazilian children

OBJECTIVE: Changes in the neonatal gut environment allow for the colonization of the mucin layer and lumen by anaerobic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus colonization through the first year of life in a group of 12 Brazilian infants and to correlate these data with the levels of Escherichia coli. The presence of anaerobic members of the adult intestinal microbiota, including Eubacterium limosum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was also evaluated. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected during the first year of life, and 16S rRNA from anaerobic and facultative bacteria was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Bifidobacterium was present at the highest levels at all of the studied time points, followed by E. coli and Lactobacillus. E. limosum was rarely detected, and F. prausnitzii was detected only in the samples from the latest time points. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with reports throughout the world on the community structure of the intestinal microbiota in infants fed a milk diet. Our findings also provide evidence for the influence of the environment on intestinal colonization due to the high abundance of E. coli. The presence of important anaerobic genera was observed in Brazilian infants living at a low socioeconomic level, a result that has already been well established for infants living in developed countries.

Malnutrition frequency among cerebral palsy children: Differences in onset of nutritional intervention before or after the age of five years

1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente. Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brasil. Correspondência para/ Correspondence to: BNS SILVA. E-mail: . 2 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição. Recife, PE, Brasil. 3 Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente, Setor de Fonoaudiologia. Recife, PE, Brasil. 4 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina. Recife, PE, Brasil. Article based on the master’s thesis of BNS SILVA, entitled: “Perfil antropométrico e consumo alimentar de crianças com paralisia cerebral”. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; 2015. Malnutrition frequency among cerebral palsy children: Differences in onset of nutritional intervention before or after the age of five years

Do infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate levels of vitamin D?

OBJECTIVE To verify whether infants with cows milk protein allergy have inadequate vitamin D levels. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 120 children aged 2 years or younger, one group with cows milk protein allergy and a control group. The children were recruited at the pediatric gastroenterology, allergology, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil. A questionnaire was administered to the caregiver and blood samples were collected for vitamin D quantification. Vitamin D levels <30ng/mL were considered inadequate. Vitamin D level was expressed as mean and standard deviation, and the frequency of the degrees of sufficiency and other variables, as proportions. RESULTS Infants with cows milk protein allergy had lower mean vitamin D levels (30.93 vs.35.29ng/mL; p=0.041) and higher deficiency frequency (20.3% vs.8.2; p=0.049) than the healthy controls. Exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants with cows milk protein allergy had higher frequency of inadequate vitamin D levels (p=0.002). Regardless of sun exposure time, the groups had similar frequencies of inadequate vitamin D levels (p=0.972). CONCLUSIONS Lower vitamin D levels were found in infants with CMPA, especially those who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed, making these infants a possible risk group for vitamin D deficiency.