Kawe Goharkhay

Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser

The aim of this study is to examine the long‐term effect of diode laser therapy on periodontal pockets with regard to its bactericidal abilities and the improvement of periodontal condition.

Efficacy of ultrasonic versus laser-activated irrigation to remove artificially placed dentin debris plugs.

INTRODUCTION The study assessed the efficacy of laser activated irrigation (LAI) with Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) and Erbium Chromium: Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) wavelengths as compared with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Previously proposed irrigation times were used for LAI (4x 5 seconds) and the intermittent flush technique (3x 20 seconds). METHODS We used a split root model with an artificial root canal wall groove. Roots were prepared to an apical size # 40 with ProFiles 0.06 (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillaigues, Switzerland). Five groups of 20 straight canine roots were evaluated as follows: Group 1: hand irrigation for 20 s with 2.5% NaOCl (CI); Group 2: PUI performed once for 20 s with the #20 Irrisafe (Satelec Acteon group, Merignac, France) (PUI 1); Group 3: PUI for 3x 20 s with the Irrisafe (PUI 2); Group 4: LAI with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser and Z2 (200 microm) Endolase tip (Biolase, San Clemente, USA) at 75 mJ for 4x 5 s (LAI 1); Group 5: LAI with the Er:YAG laser (HoYa Versawave, Cortaboeuf, France) and a 200 mum endodontic fiber at 75 mJ for 4x 5 s (LAI 2). Images from the groove were taken before and after irrigation. The quantity of dentin debris in the groove after the experimental protocols was evaluated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between CI and all other groups and between PUI 1 and the other groups. CONCLUSION LAI techniques using erbium lasers (Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG) for 20 seconds (4x 5 seconds) are as efficient as PUI with the intermittent flush technique (3x 20 seconds).

Effects on oral soft tissue produced by a diode laser in vitro

This investigation determined incision characteristics and soft‐tissue damage resulting from standardized incisions using a wide range of laser modes and parameters of a diode laser at 810 nm.

Irradiation of infected root canals with a diode laser in vivo : Results of microbiological examinations

It was shown in previous studies [1] that the Nd:YAG laser can be used as an excellent tool for killing bacteria in root canals. The present examinations were carried out with a high power diode laser in comparison with a conventionally treated control group.

Morphologic changes correlating to different sensitivities of Escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis to Nd:YAG laser irradiation through dentin.

Previous studies demonstrated the disinfecting potential of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the root canal system from an overall quantitative viewpoint. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific effect of irradiation through dentin on gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria with regard to their cell structure.

The CO2 Laser as an Aid in Direct Pulp Capping

Two hundred direct pulp capping procedures were conducted in the present study. One hundred of them were performed with the CO2 laser, and 100 were conducted conventionally as a control by using a calcium hydroxide preparation. Follow-up examinations were performed after 1 wk and monthly for 12 months after treatment. Thermal tests were used for vitality assessments and laser Doppler flowmetry for direct measurement of pulpal blood. In the group of pulps treated with the CO2 laser, the last recall examination at 12 months demonstrated that 89 teeth remained vital, corresponding to a success rate of 89%. In the control group, the success rate was considerably lower (68%). Exposure sizes and mean patient age were nearly identical in both groups. The CO2 laser seems to be a valuable aid in direct pulp capping.

Advantages of a pulsed CO2 laser in direct pulp capping: A long‐term in vivo study

A previous study [Moritz et al., Z Stomatol 1996; 93:451–454] had shown that favourable results in direct pulp capping could be achieved using a continuous wave CO2 laser in addition to the conventional calcium hydroxide dressing technique. In this study, these results are compared to those achieved using a CO2 laser working in superpulsed mode.