Kayode Adedapo

Oral glucose tolerance testing outcomes among women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus

Aims This study aimed to determine the prevalence and relationships with known risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods Records of all women referred for oral glucose tolerance testing at the metabolic research unit of the Hospital over a 2 year period were reviewed. Diagnosis of GDM was made in accordance with WHO criteria. GDM diagnosis was classified as early and late based on a gestational age <24 weeks and >24 weeks respectively. Body mass index (BMI) measurements were performed for women who presented in the first trimester. Various statistical tools including student t test and Pearsons coefficient of correlation were used. Results A total of 765 records were reviewed. The crude prevalence rate was 13.9%. The prevalence rate among women in the first trimester was highest at 17.4% although most of the diagnoses were made in the third trimester (55.7%). A positive family history and a family history of GDM were associated significantly with a higher fasting and 2 h post-load glucose values, irrespective of current GDM diagnosis. The most consistent associations with a diagnosis of GDM were a positive family history and a history of GDM. Age above 30 years at oral glucose testing also showed significant association. There was no BMI threshold associated with a significant risk of GDM for those women presenting in the first trimester. Conclusions GDM is a common metabolic condition in Nigeria. Onset before the 24th week of pregnancy is not uncommon.

Influence of duration of sexual cohabitation on the risk of hypertension in nulliparous parturients in Ibadan: A cohort study

Background:  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are an important cause of maternal mortality in this environment, it accounts for about 20% of all maternal deaths in pregnancy in Nigeria.

Urinary pathogens and drug susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections among antenatal clinic attendees in Ibadan, Nigeria

Aim:  To determine the bacterial agents involved in urinary tract infections in pregnant women and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Relationship between TSH Level and Effective Half-life of I-131 in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients

The retained activity and Effective half life at 24h of therapeutic 131I in patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) after total and non-total (sub-total, near-total, partial thyroidectomy and lobectomy) thyroidectomy were compared for patients in these 2 surgical groups. A total of 82 patients (61 females and 21 males) mean age 37.2 ± 9.3 years, mean weight 70 ± 15.6 Kg were considered in this study. 58 patients (70.73%) had papillary Cancer and 24 (29.27%) had follicular cancer. Out of 82 patients, 37 had total thyroidectomy while 45 had non total thyroidectomy (sub-total-29, near total- 10, partial thyroidectomy-4 and lobectomy- 2). 6 patients (7.3%) had metastases. The retained 131I activity (as a percentage of the administered dose in MBq) was 4.61% - 44.56% for patients with total thyroidectomy (mean-26.91 ± 12.57%) compared to 10.18% - 55.36% for patients with non-total thyroidectomy (mean-32.41 ± 12.57%). (p < 0.05) The effective half life ranged between 0.20 – 0.86 days for patients with total thyroidectomy (mean- 0.51 ± 0.21 days) and 0.20 – 1.17 days for patients with non-total thyroidectomy (mean- 0.62 ± 0.27 days). There is no significant difference in the mean effective half lives for the two groups of patients (p = 0.032). Our data suggests that exposure to radiation after ingestion of 131I is similar in both groups studied.

Pharmacoeconomics of treatment options for hyperthyroidism: The Ibadan experience

Objective: Hyperthyroidism is treated with anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine and surgery. Debate is ongoing over which treatment option is better in terms of producing long term remission and production of fewer side effects. The cost of each option must be considered as well. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the outcome and actual cost of treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism at our center to see which treatment modality is better. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients′ treatment records from Jan 2007 to December 2012 was carried out. 52 subjects were considered. We determined the cost of serum thyroid function tests (TSH, FT4 and FT3), hospital visit or hospitalization where necessary, pertechnetate scan, RAI therapy, ATDs and surgery in US Dollars (US

Radiation Levels from Toilets Used By Patients Injected with 99mTc-based Radiopharmaceuticals in Ibadan

). To calculate the costs of each treatment modality, we analyzed the number of visits during this period, the laboratory data and the drugs needed. Results: All the 52 patients had received initial treatment with thionamides. 12 patients (23.1%) had subtotal thyroidectomy before coming for RAI therapy. Results showed that 12 months following RAI, 32 patients were hypothyroid and 17 became euthyroid and only 3 remained hyperthyroid; giving a remission of about 94.3%. The total average cost of treatment with lifelong ATD for average of 20 years is

Retention of Iodine-131 In Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients: Comparison of Total Thyroidectomy and Non Total Thyroidectomy

1200; the mean total cost of surgery is

Influence of previous abortions and new paternity on the risk of hypertension in nulliparous parturients in Ibadan: a cohort study.

1500, while RAI therapy cost an average of

Total antioxidants status and some hematological values in sickle cell disease patients in steady state.

1000. Conclusion: In our environment the most cost effective treatment option for hyperthyroidism is RAI hence, we recommend it as first line in suitable patients.

Liver dysfunction in steady state sickle cell disease

Objective: The use of radionuclides in patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures presents a special concern on the safety of not only the patients but also of those who come in contact with such patients either at the nuclear medicine centre or at home after discharge from the facility. This has heightened the public concern about nuclear medicine especially in Nigeria where the practice is new. When patients are injected with radioactivity for nuclear medicine procedures they excrete most of the radioactivity via urine even before leaving the nuclear medicine facility. Therefore, we set out to survey the toilets used by these patients in the hospital for radiation levels to know the radiation risk posed by the ‘radioactive urine’ of the patients to the general public and radiation workers respectively. Methods: A portable digital radiation survey meter was used for measurement of radioactivity in toilets used by a total number of 202 patients injected with 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals over a period of 60 days for the level of radioactivity. Results: The minimum background radiation level measured was 0.18 µSv/h while the maximum was 0.44 µSv/h and the mean background reading was 0.28 µSv/h. The readings recorded for the male toilets were: 0.1 µSv/h minimum, 5.62 µSv/h maximum with a mean of 0.52 µSv/h while those for the female patients were 0.19 µSv/h minimum, 21.73 µSv/h maximum and a mean of 3.3 µSv/h. Conclusions: In conclusion, the radiation levels from toilets used by patients injected with 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals were within reasonable and acceptable limits and do not pose significant radiation risk to others.