Kazue Nishioka

The results of ingredient patch testing in contact dermatitis elicited by povidone‐iodine preparations

10 cases of contact dermatitis which began during the application of povidone‐iodine preparations were examined with patch tests using 2 kinds of povidone‐iodine preparations and their ingredients, i.e., povidone‐iodine, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and glycerin, and also the components of povidone‐iodine, i.e., iodine and polyvinylpyrrolidone. All 10 cases reacted positively to the povidone‐iodine preparations and povidone‐iodine, 3 out of the 10 to polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, 1 out of the 9 tested to iodine, while no positive response was found to glycerin or polyvinylpyrrolidone. It was difficult to distinguish between allergic responses from irritation, as responses to patches of povidone‐iodine and its preparations usually include irritation at high frequencies. Based on comparison of results with a control group, however, those showing + or stronger reactions to 2% povidone‐iodine at days 3 to 5 were considered to be allergic. Thus, 4 out of the 10 cases were considered as sensitization to povidone‐iodine. Another 3 cases were found to be polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether sensitized, and another 1 iodine sensitized, while the patch test reactions of the other 2 were considered to have been elicited by irritation.

Assignment of 2 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum to complementation group E

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblast strains derived from XP24KO and XP26KO patients with mild clinical manifestations were similarly twice as sensitive to 254 nm UV killing as normal cells and had a reduced level of 30-55% unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) after irradiation with 10 J/m2. Complementation analysis in the hybridized heterodikaryons revealed that XP24KO and XP26KO cells were only unable to complement the reference XP2RO group E cells, despite sufficient complementation to give rise to the normal level of UV-induced UDS with cells of all the other reference XP groups. Nor did XP24KO cells complement XP26KO cells. Therefore, the above 2 unrelated XP patients were assigned to complementation group E. The present group E assignment is the first in Japan, and perhaps the second in the world, the first being the XP2RO/XP3RO second-cousin relationship in The Netherlands (now 4 patients in group E).

XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM COMPLEMENTATION GROUP F: MORE ASSIGNMENTS AND REPAIR CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract— The specific heterodikaryon complementation method enabled us to assign three patients with mild xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) symptoms (XP25KO, XP27KO, XP28KO) to complementation group F. UV‐induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) remained unnormalized in the heterodikaryons between either of the above three XP strains and the reference group F XP3YO. All these particular XP strains as well as XP3YO exhibited an equally low level of10–15% UDS by a 3 h [3H]‐thymidine labeling following 10 J/m2 254 nm UV, while they attained 60% UDS of normal at an extended time of 25 h. The present group F strains were 3 and 1.5 times as sensitive to the lethal effect of UV as normal and XP group E cells, respectively, based on the mean lethal dose (Do) comparison. Normal cells had the biphasic time‐UDS kinetics of early rapid and late slow repair. Characteristically, however, all of the present group F strains were defective in only early rapid repair, but normally proficient in slow repair.

Contact allergy due to oil‐soluble licorice extracts in cosmetic products

licorice extracts 0.5 pet. 2/11 9/11 0/11 11/11 licorice extracts 1 pet. 2/11 9/11 0/11 11/11 licorice extracts 5 pet. 2/11 9/11 0/11 11/11 2. Heeger T, Moller H, Mrowietz U. Protection of human skin against jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) stings. Marine Biology 1992: 113: 669–678. 3. Burnett J W, Pierce L H Jr, Mawachinda U, Stone J H. Studies on sea nettle stings. Arch Dermat 1968: 587–589. 4. Pathak M A. Fitzpatrick T B, Greiter F, Kraus E W. Prevention treatment of sunburn, dermataheliosis and skin cancer with sun-protective agents. In: Fitzpatrick T B, Eisen A Z, Wolff K, Freedberg I M, Austen K F, (eds): Dermatology: general medicine, 3rd edition. New York: McGraw Hill, 1987: 1507–1522.

Contact dermatitis due to rubber boots worn by Japanese farmers, with special attention to 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyI-,1,2-dihydroquinoline (ETMDQ) sensitivity

An investigation was conducted as follows in 9 farmers with contact allergy due to rubber boots: (i) patch tests with 19 rubber additives: (ii) chemical analysis of additives in 6 pairs of rubber bouts: (iii) use tests on a hypoallergenic trial product in 5 patients. The following results were obtained: (i) in the patch tests, all 9 patients showed positive reactions to 1 or more of the nitrogen(N)‐containing antioxidants (IPPD. DMRPPD. ETMDQ): (ii) ETMDQ was detected in 1 pair rubber boots, and IPPD and DMBPPD in another pair: (iii) no patient using hypoallergenic boots during rice‐planting had recurrent dermatitis. N‐containing antioxidants. such as IPPD. DMBPPD and ETMDQ, were thus considered as the main causative agents and the trial product was found useful for managing contact dermatitis. Contact allergy due to ETMDQ in rubber is reported here for the 1st time.

Experimental study of the potential for contact sensitization and cross-reaction of imidazole antifungals

We examined the potential for contact sensitization of miconazole nitrate and croconazole hydro‐chloride and the cross‐reaction between them in guinea pigs by the maximization lest of Mugnsson and Kligman. Contact sensitivity was induced by croconazole hydrochloride in 5 out of 7 animals which, after being injected with 5% croconazole hydrochloride, underwent a closed patch with 25% croconazole hydrochloride. Contact sensitivity was not induced by miconazole nitrate. The 5 animals sensitized to croconazole hydrochloride were tested with 8 other imidazole antifungals and positive reactions were observed to oxiconazole nitrate in 2 of the 5 animals. This response may be a cross‐reaction.

Iatrogenic benign lymphoplasia induced by allergic contact dermatitis from squaric acid dibutylester: immunohistologic study of cellular infiltrates

We report of a 62‐year‐old male patient with a dull red itchy nodule on the induction area of allergic contact dermatitis to squaric acid dibutylester. Which had been used for the therapy of alopecia universalis. The excised biopsy specimen showed dense infiltration of lymphoid cells in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, associated with the formation of lymphoid follicles, Immunohistologic analysis of the infiltrates indicated mixed proliferation of T‐ and B‐cells. A biopsy specimen from the challenge area showed spongiosis in the epidermis and lymphoid cell infiltration in the upper dermis, while the infiltrates consisted mainly of T‐cells. The following points are discussed: (i) the lesion had an iatrogenic origin and the causative agent was quite evident: (ii) the route of allergen application was only through the epidermis and not directly in the dermis; (iii) lymphoid cell infiltrates of the induction and challenge areas were different.

A multi-institutional joint study of contact dermatitis related to hair colouring and perming agents in Japan

In Japan, allergic contact dermatitis caused by hair colouring agents is a considerable problem for those occupationally exposed and also for consumers. Over the last 20 years, p‐phenylenediamine (PPD) has been a common allergen, with ∼7% positive patch test reactions.

Occupational contact dermatitis caused by probenazole in agricultural chemical factories.

Oryzemate® 1.0/pet + + + NT NT NT ++ ++ 0.1/pet + + + NT NT NT NT NT 0.01/pet + + +? NT NT NT NT NT 0.001/pet − − − NT NT NT NT NT Probenazole 1.0/pet + + + NT NT NT NT NT 0.1/pet + + + NT NT NT ++ ++ 0.05%/pet NT NT NT + + + + ++ 0.01/pet + + − + + + + + 0.001/pet +? +? − − +? − NT NT Other five ingredients 1.0/pet − − − − − − NT NT of Oryzemate® 0.1/pet − − − NT NT NT NT NT 0.01/pet − − − NT NT NT NT NT 0.001/pet − − − NT NT NT NT NT Control (pet) As is − − − − − − − −

THE GLYCOLIPIDS OF NORMAL HUMAN SKIN

Glucosylceramide (CMH), lactosylceramide (CDH), ***trihexosylceramide (CTH), Globoside I, GM3, and GD3 were detected as constituent sphingoglycolipids of normal human skin, using Unisil, DEAE‐Sephadex, Iatrobeads column chromatography, and reversed‐phase chromatography. These procedures enabled isolation of glycolipids from even small amounts of skin.