Kazunori Kawano

Interleukin 6 mediated differentiation and rescue of cell redox in PC 12 cells exposed to ionizing radiation

The differentiation of PC12 cells to a neuron‐like morphology was induced by ionizing radiation in the presence of serum. This effect was detectable at 5 grays (Gy) and reached a maximum at 10–20 Gy. Increases in the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and increased Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) mRNA levels were observed at a dose of 15 Gy. Neutralization of supernatant IL‐6 by the addition of anti‐IL‐6 antibody inhibited the neuronal differentiation and decreased cellular redox. Ionizing radiation and serum may act synergistically as neurotropic factors.

Clinical evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy of the head and neck

Thirty-six patients underwent static and dynamic lymphoscintigraphies with 99m-Tc rhenium colloid in this series. Static lymphoscintigrams were obtained at 3 hours after injection and dynamic lymphoscintigraphy was carried out immediately after injection. 99m-Tc rhenium colloid in each volume of 0.25ml (3.7×107 Bq) was applied by subcutaneous injection into bilateral areas behind the ears for the cervical lymph nodes, and by submucosal injection into the bilateral mucobuccal folds of the upper molar region for the submandibular lymph nodes. Most of the cases demonstrated abnormalities of the lymph node images; (1) asymmetry of lymph node drainage, (2) absence of lymph nodes, (3) reduced uptake, (4) rope-like appearance, (5) enlargement of lymph nodes, and (6) delay of flow rate along the cervical chain. The results of these two imaging techniques correctly predicted the metastatic involvement of cervical lymph nodes from malignant tumors at the rate of about 70%. This imaging technique of lymphoscintigraphy is one of the useful method for evaluating lymph node metastasis, and dynamic scintigraphy especially contributes to more accurate diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.

Scintigraphic detection of metastatic bone lesions from breast carcinoma: Report of a case

A 46-year-old woman with extensive skeletal metastases from primary breast carcinoma was examined scintigraphically using99mTc HMDP. The skeletal metastatic lesions, except for the mandible and hip joint, were clinically asymptomatic and hardly detected radiographically. Marked accumulation of99mTc HMDP was shown in both the asymptomatic and symptomatic lesions, and scintigraphy is also a useful imaging modality for the identification of whole body metastatic bone lesions, especially in the early stage.

Bone scintigraphy and pathological basis of the mucoepidermoid tumor of the mandible: Report of a case

Bone scintigraphy with 99m-Tc HMDP was investigated for its pathological basis in a patient with mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the right molar region of the mandible. An accumulation of 99m-Tc HMDP was remarkable in the bone surrounding the tumor. There were large numbers of osteoblasts and a large increase in the amount of osteoid tissue which lined most of the surface of the immature woven bone. The result of our investigation suggested that the concentration of 99m-Tc HMDP was not tumor specific in itself and mostly depend on production of reactive immature new bone. The bone scintigraphic finding was necessary to be interpreted according to the pathological basis.

Digital images with fuji computed radiography (FCR) in dento-maxillo-facial radiology

SummaryA digital radiographic system utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence (FCR) is used in pantomograms, tomograms of TMJ, cephalograms, sialograms and soft tissue radiograms. FCR provided the high quality images which were easy to interpret. In particular, with tomograms of TMJ, images of soft tissue were obtained, holding out the possibility of successful diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction.

MR imaging of tumor-like swelling in the submandibular region

Tumor-like swellings in the submandibular region were evaluated in seven patients with MR imaging. Two cases of pleomorphic adenoma and two of sialoadenitis were selected as examples of submandibular gland lesions, while a plunging ranula, dermoid cyst and lymphadenitis were selected as examples of extraglandular lesions. The pleomorphic adenoma was connected with the remaining gland on T1-weighted images. The sialoadenitis showed changes in the size, signal intensity and homogeneity of the submandibular gland itself. On the other hand, extragland lesions showed zonal interpositions between the lesion and the submandibular gland, which showed either low or high signal intensity on T1-weighted images. On T1-weighted images, the intensity of all of the lesions was either lower than or the same as the normal submandibular gland. On the other hand, all lesions showed higher signal intensity, ranging from slight to very high on T2-weighted images. Sharp margins were seen in all lesions except one sialoadenitis. The sialoadenitis showed inflammatory infiltration into the surrounding tissue. A homogeneous internal pattern was observed in the case of cystic lesions, while an inhomogeneous internal pattern was noted in the pleomorphic adenoma and in the inflammatory lesions. Gd-DTPA enhanced the T1-weighted images in three cases. Pleomorphic adenoma and lymphadenitis were enhanced inhomogeneously, whereas the ranula was not enhanced.

Scintigraphic evaluation of patients with malignant tumor of the head and neck by thallium-201-chloride (Tl-201) scintigraphy

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thallium-201-chloride(Tl-201)scintigraphy for the examination of patients with tumors of the head and neck, and to estimate the correlation of the expression of Na + /K + -ATPase with Tl-201 scintigraphy. Tl-201 scintigraphy was performed in 61 patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 10 patients with benign tumors of the salivary gland. The tumor retention index was obtained from the early and delayed dynamic Tl-201 scintigraphies. The expression of Na + /K + -ATPase on the cell membrane was evaluated immunohistochemically. Evaluation of correlations between the histopathological tissue differentiation of tumors, the tumor retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy and the expression of Na + /K + -ATPase was performed. The tumor retention index of Tl-201 scintigraphy correlated well with the histopathological tissue differentiation of tumors and also showed a good correlation with the expression of Na + /K + -ATPase. In addition, the expression of Na + /K + -ATPase demonstrated a close correlation with the histopathological tissue differentiation of malignant tumors. The tumor retention index could be used for the differentiation of malignant tumors from benign tumors and the expression of Na + /K + -ATPase was estimated as one of the most important factors for Tl-201 accumulation in malignant tumors.

Image of Ion Beam Excited Acoustic Microscope of the Teeth

The ion beam excited acoustic microscope (IAM) is a new microscope which provides visual representations of the elastic waves caused by localized chopping ion energy. Topographs and images of ultrasonic attenuation and local elastic variation were obtained by measuring frequency and amplitude at a composite resonant point between transducer and sample. Acoustic images of the teeth were measured by IAM. The elasticity of the hydroxyapatite crystal of the teeth was examined.

Chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible

The recent tendency of finding osteomyelitis with no severe inflammatory symptoms is certainly on the increase. This is due to the introduction of immediate and intense chemotherapy with antibiotics. The signs and symptoms of inflammation are no longer severe and gross bone changes are rarely seen. The cases of chronic osteomyelitis with mild inflammatory symptoms and long clinical course have increased and it has become a difficult problem to treat this disease. Some cases of chronic osteomyelitis develop after the acute stage of inflammation has subsided, however most of these cases begin as a chronic condition without a preceding acute stage. With those kinds of clinical features, it is to be expected that chronic osteomyelitis will show various radiographic findings. The authors examined the radiographic patterns of bone changes in 61 cases diagnosed as chronic mandibular osteomyelitis. Materials and Methods Sixty one cases in this series are shown in Table 1. They consisted of 28 males and 33 females who were referred to our institution from 1954 to 1987. The age ranged from 10 to 73 years of age, and the mean age was 46.6 years. Most of the cases belonged to young and middle adults. These cases, at first examination, revealed mild clinical symptoms and were diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. Fifty six cases began as chronic conditions without a preceding acute stage, and 5 cases developed into the chronic stage after the acute stage. The authors examined 61 cases for radiographic findings of bone changes, range of the lesions, subperiosteal new bone formation, sequestra formation and pathologic fracture. In this series the cases of osteoradionecrosis and specific inflammation were excluded from consideration.

Ion Beam Excited Acoustic Image and Specific Element Image of Teeth

The ion beam excited acoustic microscope (IAM) is a new microscope which provides visual representations of the elastic waves caused by localized chopping ion energy. Topographs of ultrasonic attenuation and local elastic variations were obtained by measuring frequency and amplitude at a composite resonant point between transducer and sample. Specific ion images were also obtained from the same measurement. In this paper, the IAM and observed topographs and intensity modulated images of the specific ions are described. The elasticity of the hydroxyapatite crystal of the teeth is examined.