Kazutaka Konishi

COMPARISON OF BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS AND DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY FOR ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION IN CHILDREN

Abstract Background: There are a variety of methods for assessing body composition. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy and non‐invasive technique, but has limitations in underweight and overweight subjects. Few reports have investigated the validity of BIA in children. In this report, the characteristics of BIA, especially in overweight and underweight children, are assessed and the results are compared with those of dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), as a reliable method for assessing body composition.

Continuous non-invasive finger blood pressure monitoring in children

Tanaka H, Thulesius O, Yamaguchi H, Mino M, Konishi K. Continuous non‐invasive finger blood pressure monitoring in children. Acta Padiatr 1994;83:646–52. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253

Abdominal adiposity with respect to the proportion of intra-abdominal visceral fat to extra-abdominal fat ( V S ratio) in Japanese childhood obesity

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the influence of intra-abdominal fat accumulation in obese children upon lipids, glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. Intra-abdominal fat accumulation was quantified by the intra-abdominal visceral fat to extra-abdominal fat ratio (VS ratio) using CT scanning. The subjects were simple obese boys (35) and girls (24) aged 10.6 ± 2.1 years. The following parameters were calculated: VS ratio from CT analysis at umbilical level, percentage of ideal body weight (%IBW), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) from anthropometric measurements. Replies to questionnaires concerning duration of obesity and history of family obesity were obtained. Blood pressure and biochemical parameters including transaminases, serum lipids, blood glucose and insulin were measured. Visceral fat obesity was present in 15.7% of all the subjects. Visceral fat syndrome was seen in some cases. The VS ratio displayed a weak positive correlation with GOT ( r = 0.352, P = 0.0078) and GPT ( r = 0.351, P = 0.0075), but no correlation with serum lipids, blood glucose, insulin, or blood pressure. Stepwise and multiple regression analysis revealed that GOT and GPT depended upon the VS ratio, age, and duration of obesity. It was concluded that intra-abdominal fat accumulation in childhood can cause fatty liver when combined with aging and persistent obesity, and that obese children with fatty liver are likely to develop visceral fat syndrome in the future.

Regional disparities in obesity/emaciation and income in schoolchildren in Osaka City

We assessed the association between socioeconomic status at residential area‐level in the 24 wards of Osaka City, differentiated by indices of mean income‐related deprivation, and inequalities in childhood obesity and emaciation.

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor level in serum of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with that in diseases with activated immune system

Abstract The serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) has been proposed as a clinical marker for various autoimmune diseases. Serum in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as an organ-specific autoimmune disease, was investigated by sIL-2R assay. Although serum sIL-2R levels were very much higher in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and chronically or subchronically inflammatory diseases including Schoenlein-Henoch disease, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ulcerative colitis (UC) and mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS), the level in IDDM children who were newly diagnosed (within 6 months after onset) was also moderately higher (628 ± 64 U/ml; P 1c level, or patient. ThesThese findings suggest that slowly progressing T-cell activation and an imbalanced cellular immune response exist in newly diagnosed IDDM children.

Red blood cell sorbitol in diabetic children

When red blood cells (RBC) were incubated with various concentrations of glucose, the RBC sorbitol level increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. The elevated RBC sorbitol level was not reduced by further incubation in a glucose‐free medium.

Lipoproteins in obese Japanese children

Abstract The lipemic status of obese children was examined in Takatsuki city, an urban area near Osaka. In obese boys, the elevation of serum trigcerides and VLDL was most prominent. A tendency for a rise in LDL and a fall in HDL was observed with increasing obesity, but the trend was not statistically significant. Obese girls showed no significant changes in the level of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides, phopholipids, β-lipoproteins, LDL , VLDL, and HDL, with increasing obesity, in contrast to obese boys. The percent obesity rating increased over 13 years of age in both boys and girls. In obese boys, the triglceride level increased at over 13 years of age, accompanied by an increase of VLDL, while HDL levels decreased in the oldest group studied. In contrast, cholesterol and LDL levels showed no significant changes with age. In obese girls the above parameters did not change with age apart from a rise in trigltyceride levels. There was a ,arked increase of apo B levels in the > 50% obese group of boys, but the levels of apo A1, and A2 and LCAT did not change significantly with obesity. The HDL-cholesterol-to-apo A1 ratio decreased in the > 50% obese group of boys and the atherogenic index (AT) also increased in this group. In the obese girls, however, lipoprotein parameters showed no significant changes with increasing obesity or increasing age, and the A1 also showed no consistent relationship to obesity rating in the girls. With increasing age, apo A1 levels decreased in both obese boys and girls, and LCAT activity showed a similar decline. However, the HDL-cholesterol/apo A1 ratio only decreased with age in the obese boys.