Kazutoyo Kobayashi

Spontaneous Dna Synthesis in Tonsillar Lymphocytes and Its Clinical Implications

Spontaneous DNA synthesis (SDS) in tonsillar lymphocytes was investigated in 58 cases by [3H]-thymidine incorporation under a certain culture condition without any mitogens. Tonsillar lymphocytes showed an extremely higher uptake of [3H]thymidine than peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cells exhibiting SDS were mainly B cells, but, however, they needed the helper functions of T cells and glass-adherent cells to synthesize DNA. SDS in tonsillar lymphocytes decreased with age and was lowest in the 21-30 year age group. SDS in cases with complications such as chronic sinusitis, nasal allergy or secretory otitis media was significantly higher than that in cases with no complications.

Lethal midline granuloma (peripheral T‐cell lymphoma) after lymphomatoid papulosis

A Japanese woman with an 8‐year history of lymphomatoid papulosis (LP) had lethal midline granuloma (LMG) develop at the age of 51 years. There were histologic similarities between LP and LMG seen in this patient. Surface phenotypic studies on nasal and cutaneous lesions demonstrated a population of T‐cells expressing CD2, CD4, CD25, CD30, and histocompatibility antigen‐DR (HLA‐DR). Genotypic analyses of nasal and skin biopsy specimens disclosed a clonal rearrangement of the beta T‐cell receptor gene with the same rearrangement pattern. These data indicate that this patient had LMG characterized by clonal peripheral T‐cell lymphoma, which probably resulted from progression of the LP. Cancer 1992; 70:835–839.

Temporal Bone Pathology of Metastatic T-Cell Lymphoma

Metastatic lymphoma involving the temporal bone is a rare tumour. A review of the English literature revealed only 13 reported cases. The common metastatic sites within the temporal bone are bone marrow and the internal auditory canal (IAC). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma has a tendency to infiltrate to the inner ear and middle ear, with bone marrow involvement. Recent advances in immunology have redefined the malignant lymphoma as a neoplasm of the immune system that has involved T and B cells. We present a case of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma that metastasized to the temporal bone and central nervous system.

Cell-size distribution of human tonsillar lymphocytes

SummaryCell-size distributions of human tonsillar lymphocytes (TL) and adenoid lymphocytes (AL) were determined using a computerized cell-size analyser. In comparison with peripheral blood lymphocytes, TL, and AL comprised a greater number of large lymphocytes. Child TL were characterized by an enrichment of not only B-lymphocytes but also of large lymphocytes. A decrease in the number of large B-lymphocytes with advancing age was considered to be indicative of the morphological profile of tonsillar involution.

Elevation of bone conduction threshold in children with middle ear effusion

A retrospective study of children having otitis media with effusion revealed fluctuations in bone conduction thresholds as well as in air conduction thresholds. Previous investigations in this area presented both low- and high-tone bone conduction hearing loss which were reversible. We conducted a detailed study including complete otologic, audiologic and tympanometric evaluation of 27 (41 ears) children who had fluctuating bone conduction hearing loss. From these audiologic examinations, 3 types of bone conduction hearing loss could be classified: high-tone, low-tone and flat-type bone conduction hearing loss. We observed the shift of bone conduction thresholds in children after removal of middle-ear fluids by the appropriate medical management.

Surgical Correction of Subglottic Stenosis in Children

In general, subglottic stenosis in children is one of the most difficult problems to treat surgically. Six patients, aged 4–9, requiring a tracheostomy due to severe subglottic stenosis are reviewed.

Sugar components of glycoprotein fractions in middle ear effusions.

SummaryWe analyzed the sugar components of the glycoprotein fractions in human middle ear fluid samples by using gas chromatography. All ear effusions included serous, seromucinous and mucoid samples, and contained appreciable amounts of fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine and sialic acid. Total sugar content to protein was significantly higher in mucoid effusions than in serous effusions. Among the sugar components, the contents of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose were much higher in the mucoid effusions. The data show new evidence that some glycoproteins having high proportions of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose appear in the middle ear fluid of the glue ear.

Treatment of Subglottic Stenosis in a Child Utilizing a Costal Cartilage Graft

A nine-year old girl with severe subglottic stenosis secondary to an emergency tracheostomy is presented. Several conservative managements had no significant effect. The patient, however, was successfully extubated by surgical reconstruction with a costal cartilage graft. One year postoperatively, follow up showed no evidence of upper respiratory obstruction or interference with laryngeal growth. Management of severe subglottic stenosis in children is discussed and the usefulness of an autogenous graft for reconstruction of the larynx and upper trachea in the above-mentioned case is documented.

Change in Susceptibility to Vestibular-Visual Conflict Sickness in Monkeys by Repeated Exposure

Squirrel monkeys, susceptible to the vestibular-visual conflict sickness in pitch (with frank vomiting), were subjected to repeated exposure to pitch conflict in various modes and in a randomly mixed order (30 min daily, for 10 consecutive days). Immediately after the training, a significant decline in susceptibility was found, represented by reduced vomiting rates, reduced sickness scores, reduced salivation and improved regularity of vertical oculomotor responses. Susceptibility at the pre-training level returned when the test was repeated 10 days later. Temporary suppression of pitch conflict sickness susceptibility indicates the possibility of training crew members prior to their space flight missions to control the space motion sickness, particularly vomiting.

Changes in Oculomotor Function in Relation to the Vestibular-Visual Conflict Sickness (Pitch) in Squirrel Monkeys

Based on the susceptibility of vestibular-visual conflict sickness in pitch, the oculomotor response was compared between 4 conflict sickness susceptible squirrel monkeys and 4 non-susceptibles. The time lag of nystagmic direction change in the nose-down position was longer in susceptibles than that in non-susceptibles. The irregularity of vertical eye nystagmus in susceptibles built up gradually during the exposure to conflict. After the emetic incidence, a sharp decline in the aforementioned time lag (in nose-down position) and improved regularity were found. These changes in oculomotor function could be a parallel symptom of the sensory conflict-evoked sickness and emesis.