Ke Shao

Surface modification of heteropoly acid/SPEEK membranes by polypyrrole with a sandwich structure for direct methanol fuel cells

A series of SPEEK/HPW/Ppy-n composite membranes with a sandwich structure were successfully prepared by surface modification with polypyrrole (Ppy) in order to stabilize phosphotungstic acid (HPW) in poly(ether ether ketone)s (SPEEKs) and reduce the methanol crossover. Ppy coatings with a large number of secondary ammonium groups (NH2+) interact with anions of HPW to decrease HPW leaching from the membrane. In addition, the hydrophobic Ppy layers allow for little methanol transport, which leads to a significant decline in methanol crossover with reasonable levels of proton conductivity. The properties of the membranes were investigated in detail by UV, SEM, ac impedance, and TGA. As observed, Ppy-modified membranes were better at immobilizing HPW and exhibited higher selectivities than previously reported SPEEK/HPW composite membranes. All the results indicate that the SPEEK/HPW/Ppy-n composite membranes are excellent candidates for direct methanol fuel cells.

Carboxyl-terminated benzimidazole-assisted cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)s for highly conductive PEM with low water uptake and methanol permeability

A carboxyl-terminated benzimidazole trimer was synthesized as a crosslinker by controlling the ratio of 3,3′-diaminobenzidine and isophthalic acid. Composite membranes were obtained by mixing the benzimidazole trimer and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) together. Cross-linked membranes were obtained by heating the composite membranes at 160 °C. All of the properties of the cross-linked membranes were significantly increased, including proton conductivity, methanol permeability and water uptake due to the more compact structure compared to the non-cross-linked membranes. The cross-linked SPEEK-BI7 and cross-linked SPEEK-BI11 had excellent proton conductivities (0.22 and 0.19 S cm−1) at 80 °C, which were higher than that of Nafion 117 (0.125 S cm−1). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a clear microphase separated structure of cross-linked membranes. Other properties, such as thermal and mechanical stability, required for use as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) have been investigated. The cross-linked membranes showed improved properties over membranes without crosslinking.

Crosslinked hybrid membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane/phosphotungstic acid by an in situ sol–gel process for direct methanol fuel cells

Proton exchange membranes with high dimensional stabilities and low water uptakes were constructed by incorporating phosphotungstic acid (PWA) into a cross-linked network composed of a crosslinkable sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) containing dipropenyl groups (SDPEEK) and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570). The chemical structures of the hybrid membranes were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that PWA particles were well dispersed in these membranes. The influences of the dispersed PWA on the properties of membranes such as thermal stability, water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, methanol permeability and mechanical property were researched. The addition of KH570-5/PWA in the hybrid membranes contributed to the improvement of the dimensional stabilities. And the hybrid membranes with 10–40wt% PWA showed higher proton conductivities than Nafion 117 at 80 °C, while the methanol permeabilities of these membranes were much lower than that of Nafion 117. The membranes also exhibited excellent mechanical properties. These results imply that the SDPEEK/KH570-5/PWA-x membranes are promising materials in the direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) applications.

Influence of Backbone Structure on Properties of Directly Polymerized Phenoxy Resins from Epichlorohydrin and Various Aromatic Dihydric Phenols Monomers

Abstract A series of phenoxy resins was directly prepared through the polymerization of each of the various aromatic dihydric phenols and epichlorohydrin. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra were recorded to characterize the structures of the resins. The GPC curves were used to determine the molecular weight distribution. In addition, the thermal properties of the resins were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal stabilities of the polymers increased with the content of the benzene ring, pendant group increasing or biphe nyl groups emerging. The adhesive properties of the polymers were evaluated in terms of the lap shear strength with Fe-Fe adherends. The fracture mechanisms were determined by SEM observation and it was found that there was an important participation of cohesive fracture mechanisms. Also, it has been demonstrated that the extension of these micro-cohesive mechanisms is directly correlated with the adhesive strength. According to these results, the phenoxy resin containing biphenyl groups presented a higher adhesive strength and could improve the adhesive property of the epoxy/phenoxy system to a certain extent.