Keiichi Yagi

Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome in a child following carbon monoxide poisoning.

Here, we report the case of a five-year-old boy with carbonic monoxide (CO) poisoning. The patient initially recovered after the initiation of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, but lethargy as well as visual and gait disturbances appeared two days later. Left hemiparesis and mood lability also subsequently appeared. Slow frontal activity was noted on electroencephalography, while fluid-attenuation inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal-intensity lesions in the hippocampus and deeper layers of the occipital and frontal cerebral cortex. The neurological symptoms subsided gradually during the 10-day course of HBO therapy, but the left-hand paresis and quadrantic hemianopsia persisted, in association with impaired attention, slow mental processing, and incontinence. Lesions in the globus pallidum were noted on follow-up MRI at 14 days, and cortical lesions became evident as linear, low signal-intensity areas on T1-weighted imaging 4 months after presentation. Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome in CO poisoning is rare in childhood, although children should be carefully monitored after CO exposure. The finding of cortical laminar necrosis in this patient is quite atypical in CO poisoning, and suggests a broader and previously nonpredicted pathomechanism in this condition.

Isolated Unilateral Absence of the Left Pulmonary Artery: A Case Report

We report the case of a 37-year-old man with isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA), which was diagnosed upon the occurrence of hemoptysis. Plain chest radiography demonstrated decreased left pulmonary volume. Computed tomography of the chest revealed the complete absence of the left pulmonary artery. Angiography revealed marked dilation of the left bronchial artery, inferior phrenic artery, internal thoracic artery, and the arterial branches of the thyrocervical trunk. These arteries were considered as collateral circulation to the left lung. In cases with UAPA, collateral circulation should be evaluated by angiography to obtain useful information for treatment.