Keisuke Matsuhashi

Comparative measurements of the eco-driving effect between electric and internal combustion engine vehicles

Not only ICEV user but also EV users have interest in eco-driving. So, in this study, quantitative evaluation of eco-driving effect for EV was conducted using chassis dynamometer with new developed “Eco-driving test mode”. They were extracted from seventy two real-world driving data collected at the Eco-driving test-ride event. And they had four speed patterns which had same travel distance of 5.2 km and wide range of kinematic running energy. Three ICEVs, one HEV and two EVs were tested. The results showed that good linear relationships were found between kinematic running energy and fuel consumption rate for all 6 tested vehicles. Thus, eco-driving with low kinematic running energy by observing speed limit and constant speed was effective to not only ICE but also HEV and EV. The eco-driving effects from averaged drive as usual to averaged eco-driving in the eco-driving test-ride were estimated. And the effects of 660cc CTV ICEV, 1,300cc CVT ICEV, 1,800cc 4AT ICEV, 1,500cc HEV, EV type A and EV type B were 12.0%, 12.2%, 10.9%, 12.6%, 18.4% and 11.7% respectively. And the results indicated that EV had higher potential of eco-driving effect than ICEV if EV could maintain high energy conversion efficiency with various driving situations.

Sensitivities of Simulated Source Contributions and Health Impacts of PM2.5 to Aerosol Models

Chemical transport models are useful tools for evaluating source contributions and health impacts of PM2.5 in the atmosphere. We recently found that concentrations of PM2.5 compounds over Japan were much better reproduced by a volatility basis set model with an enhanced dry deposition velocity of HNO3 and NH3 compared with a two-product yield model. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivities to organic aerosol models of the simulated source contributions to PM2.5 concentrations and of PM2.5-related mortality. Overall, the simulated source contributions to PM2.5 were similar between the two models. However, because of the improvements associated with the volatility basis set model, the contributions of ammonia sources decreased, particularly in winter and spring, and contributions of biogenic and stationary evaporative sources increased in spring and summer. The improved model estimated that emission sources in Japan contributed 35%-48% of the PM2.5-related mortality in Japan. These values were higher than the domestic contributions to average PM2.5 concentrations in Japan (26%-33%) because the domestic contributions were higher in higher population areas. These results indicate that control of both domestic and foreign emissions is necessary to reduce health impacts due to PM2.5 in Japan.