Keith Cash

Benner and expertise in nursing: a critique

This paper examines the work of Benner (From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice. Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA, 1984) on expertise in clinical nursing. The philosophical foundations of her work are explained as well as the work located within the wider context of the use of Heideggerian philosophy. Various criticisms of her study are developed in relationship to her methodology and her interpretation of nursing. It is argued that she represents a retreat into tradition and authority in nursing.

Social epistemology, gender and nursing theory

A major claim for nursing theory is that it contributes to the generation of a body of nursing knowledge that will be important in the definition of nursings boundaries. It is argued here that the epistemic authority of nursing knowledge is determined by factors such as the gender structure of nursing. This means the knowledge products of nursing will be given low epistemic status by both nurses and non-nurses. The implications of this argument, in terms of professionalisation and the project to develop nursing theory, are examined.