Keizaburo Kawaguchi

The nature of organic matter in soil organo-mineral complexes

Abstract “The union of mineral and organic matter to form the organo-mineral complex is a synthesis as vital to the continuance of life as, and less understood than, photosynthesis.”(JACKS) (1).

A METHOD OF FERTILITY EVALUATION FOR PADDY SOILS : I. First Approximation Chemical Potentiality Grading

In an effort to work out a method for soil fertility evaluation and grading, principal component analysis was applied to 23 items of laboratory data for 41 Malayan paddy soil samples. As many of th...

On the complex formation between soil humus and polyvalent cations

Abstract In 1946 BREMNER et al.(1) suggested a theory that, in soils, polyvalent metals are combined with organic matter as metal-organic matter complexes, and that these complexes are insoluble in solvents that do not themselves form complexes with metals. The principle of one of the most prevailing methods for humus extraction, the neutral sodium pyrophosphate extraction proposed by BREMNER and LEES (2), is a corollary of the theory.

Soil material classification for paddy soils in Japan

Abstract In view of the importance of soil material characteristics in determining paddy soil capability, a method of classification for soil materials was proposed. In working out the method special attention was paid to making it practically applicable, for the need is great for such a method of ready practical applicability especially in the alluvial soil areas in which most Japanese paddy soils occur. An X-ray fluorescence spectrographic method for the total chemical analysis of soil materials proved satisfactory for routine use in terms of accuracy and time. Nine major elements (Si, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Ti, K, P) were analyzed and they were taken to represent the chemical nature of the soil material. The total chemical composition was combined with mechanical composition and subjected to data processing. To avoid redundancy in information, 2 mutually independent principal components were extracted, which appear to represent different aspects of soil material features. From the 2 principal component sc...

A note on the nutritional status of the rice plant in Italy, Portugal, and Spain

Abstract In the rice area around Velcelli, grain yields are reasonably high due to good management, and a situation similar to that of the “Akiochi” area in the western part of Japan is prevailing. In coastal areas of Spain and Portugal, rice yields are frequently very high due to the abundance of solar radiation. In these areas, however, if soil management is inadequate, rice suffers from NaCl injury, zinc deficiency, iron toxicity, or boron toxicity due to the nature of the soils and the influence of brackish water.

A soil core sampler for paddy soils and some physical properties of the soils under waterlogged condition

Abstract Introduction Recent investigations in soil science have shown that physical properties of paddy soils are of great importance to rice-production. There is extensive literature on the chemical property of paddy soils, but little information on the physical property of paddy soils, especially under waterlogged condition. For studying the physical property of flooded paddy soils, it is necessary to collect the soil cores under an undisturbed condition.

Re-investigation on distribution of active and inactive oxides along soil profiles in time series of dry rice fields in polder lands of Kojima basin; Okayama prefecture, Japan

Abstract Introduction Kojima basin is located on the north coast of Seto-Nai-Kai (Seto inland sea), in south of Okayama prefecture. Polder lands have been reclaimed in several installments by similar methods and carried rice-plant under waterlogged condition as staple crop in summer and barley or wheat under dry condition in winter. Their soil-forming factors are quite similar except time.

Specific and non-specific adsorption of inorganic ions: II. Specific adsorption of cations on kaolin and kaolinitic soil clays

Abstract The authors reported that the relative bonding strength between ligand of soil colloid surface and cations could be obtained easily by the measurement of MCSA, and that the MCSA corresponded to the constant of Langmuirs adsorption isotherm equation. The relative bonding strength of cations with respect to kaolinitic soil clay at pH 6 was, Cr3+>Fe3+, Al3+>Ga8+>Cu8+>Pb2+>Y3+, La3+>Mn2+>Ni2+, Co2+> Zn2+>Sr2+, Mg2+>NH4+, K+, and with respect to colloid with humus coating, Y3+, La3+>Pb2+>Cu2+, and the other orders were same. The solubility of cations in soil colloid aqueous dispersion system was calculated from the values of MCSAs, and considered as follows, Y3+, La3+, Cu3+, Pb3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, CO2+: concentration in soil solution and soil geochemical mobility may be regulated by the specific adsorption reaction, Zn2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, K+, NH4+: concentration in soil solution and soil geochemical mobility may be regulated by the non-specific adsorption reaction, but at neutral to alkaline condition, Zn2+ an...

Clay mineral composition of some volcanogenous soils in Indonesia and the Philippines

Abstract Clay fractions of three Andosols and a Latosol occurring in Indonesia, and two Alluvial Soils derived from pyroclastic sediments in the Philippines were examined by means of chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The results are summarized as follows. Allophane is a dominant clay mineral of young volcanogenous soils occurring in the tropics. Small amounts of halloysite, gibbsite, and imogolite are also found in some of the young volcanogenous soils. Halloysite and imogolite are relatively abundant in the surface soil, while gibbsite is more abundant in the subsoil. In the clay fraction of the young volcanogenous soils in the tropics, α-cristobalite is often present, but quartz occurs rarely. Small amounts of feldspars are also present in the Philippine soils. 2 : 1-type minerals are found to a small extent in some of the sample soils. The above results agree well with the results for Japanes...

Distribution of free oxides along soil profiles in time series of dry rice fields in polder lands of Kojima-basin

Abstract The distributions of free oxides along profiles of some dry rice fields were set forth in the previous reports2,3,4,6), In this paper, the distribution of free oxides in dry rice field5) in polder lands of Kojima-Basin, Okayama pref. is reported. Localities, years elapsed since the planting of rice began in each field and the characteristic of soil profiles are given in Table 1. All the fields are dry rice fields except Soil A, and carry barley or wheat in winter season. Parent materials are similar in all horizons of all soils and rich in fine particles. Fine sands (0.2-0.02 mm) are mainly composed of quartz somewhat accompanied with feldspars, mica, augite and amphibolite. Clays (< 0.002 mm) are mainly composed of halloysite accompanied with a small proportion of montmorillonite. The structure develops well in all the soils.