Kemi Adeyeye

The impact of design decisions on post occupancy processes in school buildings

Purpose – This paper aims to review the impact of design and specification decisions for major works during post‐occupancy processes; the routine maintenance and management of school premises. It also seeks to explore the relationship between the main stakeholders and how this impacts decision‐making and the post‐occupancy operation of school buildings.Design/methodology/approach – In addition to a literature review, qualitative data were also obtained through a focus group; a steering group. The steering group consisted of stakeholders tasked with delivering and managing school premises in the Sussex County.Findings – The findings contribute to understanding the impact of design decisions on post‐occupancy processes in schools. A basic model is also presented as a guide for requirements and decision mapping in post‐occupancy design decision processes in schools.Research limitations/implications – The study was conducted with the participation of a representative sample of stakeholders. There may be the n...

A co-creation platform for post-occupancy decision support

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on partial findings of a research project on post‐occupancy design in school projects. It provides a brief review of key factors, and major players in post‐occupancy processes.Design/methodology/approach – Subsequent to literature review for the research, the primary data was obtained from a steering group (stakeholder forum) comprising of a sample of primary and secondary school representatives, local authorities and building professionals. Following the data collection, visits were arranged to the selected schools, and local councils and semi‐structured interviews with school and council authorities were carried out. At the same time, research meeting and directed studies were held to best explore the applications for devising the toolkit. Simulated and real cases for making decisions in post‐occupancy design were selected to devise a model‐base to test out the applicability of the devised prototype of the toolkit.Findings – This study provided clarificat...

A conceptual framework for hybrid building projects

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on hybrid projects as a type of building adaptation work. It seeks to discuss the hybrid building design process in subsets of information and resulting decisions by highlighting the relationship between them. It also aims to present a conceptual framework which was developed by refining, or customising the RIBA Plan of Work.Design/methodology/approach – Field theory formed the theoretical basis for the approach to mapping the hybrid project process. The conceptual framework itself evolved from a comprehensive literature review, case studies and a practice survey. In total, 11 design and construction professionals evaluated the framework and their comments and feedback are also discussed.Findings – The discussion presents an approach which can be used to manage the delivery of hybrid projects, although it was found that the proposed framework can be applied to a wider spectrum of construction projects.Research limitations/implications – The evaluation of the framework wa...

Effects of the Encapsulating Resin on the Junction Temperature of the QFN16 and QFN32 Electronic Packages Subjected to Free Convection

ABSTRACT The junction temperature of the quad flat no-lead with 16 and 32 leads (QFN16 and QFN32) electronic packages subjected to free convection is highly affected by their encapsulating resins thermal conductivity. This study considers a variation of this conductivity between −80% and +100% of the average value measured on an industrial prototype by means of the Transient Plane Source method. The three dimensional numerical solution based on the control volume formulation shows that the thermal trend is of exponential type for these components but with different functions. The proposed relationships allow the calculation of the junction temperature of both QFN16 and QFN32 according to the power generated varying between 0.1 and 1W, and the inclinations relative to the horizontal plane in the range 0–90° (horizontal and vertical positions respectively). The law governing the influence of conductivity on the junction temperature shows that a more conductive resin does not significantly lower the junction temperature. However, for low conductivity values, the temperature can exceed the maximum recommended by the manufacturers, causing possible malfunction of the QFN and altering its technical performance that are directly related to its thermal state. In some cases, the device can be decommissioned.

Special issue: developments in water management technologies and systems

This special issue of Environmental Science and Pollution Research highlights selected papers presented at the Fourth Annual Water Efficiency Conference (7–9 September 2016, Coventry University, UK) which focused on developments in water management technologies and systems applied to water efficiency. This included approaches at all scales, from individual buildings to efficiency in water use and management through the whole water cycle, and involves research from across disciplines from the social to the physical sciences, representing a truly multi-, transand cross disciplinary area of study. Originally set up in 2011, then funded by Defra, the Water Efficiency Network provides a forum to collaboratively explore the supply, treatment, distribution, risk monitoring, improved efficiency, management and conservation of water. It also investigates challenges in improving the adaptive capacity of building users, providers and professionals and consequently facilitate long-term, adaptable water efficiency through behaviour change and the use of technology. Its brief includes the harvesting of rainwater, reuse of greywater and the sustainable, efficient management of storm water. Papers in this special issue therefore reflect the efficient management of water at all scales, applied to many contemporary issues of concern and involve the inclusion of users and communities in participatory research. As is clearly stated by Miereles et al., in order to improve the sustainability of water consumption, the concept of water efficiency has become increasingly important. When introducing new technologies and new ways of doing things, they need to be flexible in use and multiple benefits; in this way, they can provide added resilience to the system, improving sustainability and effectiveness. However, if the end-user does not engage with them or understand how they should be used, or is simply not interested, then, it is unlikely that they will be taken up to eventually become the normal way of doing things. Miereles et al. examined a specific approach in the University of Aveiro, Portugal, in which they trialled four different types of aerators in toilet washbasin taps which provided various discharge reductions. They found that user factors controlled how much water could be saved based on a comparison of water saved versus reduction in discharge of water from the tap, dependent on user comfort and water efficiency, resulting in less water savings in comparison with discharge reductions. Reducing the amount of potable water use can also be achieved by utilising alternative water sources, and whilst approaches such as rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater reuse (GWR) have become increasingly used in the commercial sector, they have yet to achieve such a level of popularity at the individual household level. Sousa et al. investigated pay back periods and non-potable water savings in shopping centres in both Portugal and Brazil. Whilst technically, the design and installation of RWH in such commercial situations is relatively straightforward, with calculations available to determine tank volumes; it was found that the main factors driving the payback period were investment costs and water fees which were country-specific. Oviedo-Ocana et la., on the other hand, surveyed 35 high water using households in Columbia assessing the potential for RWH and GWR designed by the occupants themselves. The selected design afforded savings in drinking water use of 44% and a return on investment of 6.5%with the payback estimated at 23 years. This is in comparison with the findings of Sousa et al., whose Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

The Reconciliation of the Contradictions in the Preservation and Development of Traditional Villages:Refinement of Contradictions through Extenics

Abstract There has been a rapid urbanization in china at the expense of agricultural and rural development. Consequently, before 2010 the traditional villages were dying off at the speed of 100 per day. To save the precious culture heritage and avoid the unbalanced development in urban and rural areas, the better approach is to make such villages more liveable through balanced preservation and development. This will motivate vitality and help to achieve long-term sustainability. This work investigates how to apply Extenics ideas and methods to solve the contradictions between preservation and development in Lingshui village, China. It describes contradictions quantitatively with element theory of Extenics in order to define the required extent of change and protection. That is, to modify the sustainability of traditional village to better understand the overall value of protection and development risks and to make informed judgements about the required extent of actions. The paper concludes with recommendations for testing the efficacy of its findings i.e. to use Extenics theory for better, liveble and resilient village environments.

Multi-scale, integrated strategies for urban flood resilience

Purpose This study aims to determine and consolidate the multi-scale components that inform anticipatory action for resilience; propose a conceptual framework for the collaborative and holistic design, delivery and management of resilience at both the macro and micro scale; and test the efficacy of the framework to deliver sustainable (sustained) resilience. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework was proposed by consolidating what was learnt from literature review. Case studies were then used to explore the efficacy of the framework to deliver resilience. The applicability of the specific measures was also examined to determine the extent by which they support anticipatory action and resilience capacity. Findings It was found that a combination of active, latent, evolving and to some extent improvised yet integrated solutions can support anticipatory flood resilience at the micro, meso and macro scale, as well as the physical and social domains. Research limitations/implications Socio-physical resilience improves when policy makers, designers, planners and engineers work together to deliver anticipatory solutions prior to a natural disaster. Further, findings confirm that resilience can be achieved in both new and existing urban contexts. Social implications The multi-scale, integrated strategies can inform anticipatory practices, which, in turn, may reduce social vulnerability during and after natural events such as flooding. Originality/value This work lays the foundation for further theoretical and practical work on socio-spatial resilience and provides the learning-based structure within which policy makers, planners and architects can administer interventions for the practical delivery of planning-scale and building-level resilience.

Aerodynamics in the open channel of the Sistan-type wind-mill with vertical axis wind turbine

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the details of the air mass flow and aerodynamical phenomena across a channel containing a large vertical axis wind turbine. The considered model reproduces as closely as possible the real assembly of the Sistan-type wind-mill whose top is open. The technical results of this work could be used for the restoration and operation of this assembly whose historical and architectural values are recognized. Design/methodology/approach Several inlet velocities into the channel are considered, taking into account the possible local wind resources. Calculations corresponding to Reynolds number varying between 8×105 and 4×106 are made by means of the finite volume method and turbulence is treated with the realizable k-e model. The mesh consists of a fixed part associated to the contour of the channel, interfaced with a moving one linked to the turbine itself, equipped with nine partly filled wings. Findings The relative pressure and velocity fields are presented for various dynamic and static conditions. Calculation results clearly show that the vortex phenomena present in some cases are not a source of degradation of the wind turbine’s aerodynamical performances, given its location, intensity and rotation direction. Particular attention is devoted to the air mass flow and its distribution between the inlet and the outlet sections of the channel. Originality/value The present work provides technical information useful to consider the restoration and modernization of this installation whose architecture and technical performance are very interesting. This survey complements a previous one examining the aerodynamical phenomena occurring in a modified version of this assembly with a closed top channel.