Kenjiro Tsutsumi

Fine Structures of X-ray Absorption Spectra Of Cobalt in the Face Centered Cubic Lattice and Close-packed Hexagonal Lattice

Samples of cobalt of the α-modification (hexagonal close-packed lattice) and the β-modification (face centered cubic lattice) and their mixtures were prepared, and their crystal structures were examined by means of the X-ray diffraction method. Fine structures of the X-ray K absorption spectra of these cobalt samples were photographed by a bent crystal spectrograph and the mass absorption coefficients in the X-ray K absorption spectral region were measured by using the North American Philips Diffraction Unit and Wide Range Spectrometer modified to a tube spectrometer with a Geiger-Muller counter. By comparing these photometer curves of these spectrograms or the recorded curves, the fine structures of the absorption spectra of these cobalt samples were found to be very similar. The wavelength values and the mass absorption coefficient of the fine structures of the absorption spectra also nearly coincided within experimental errors, and thus the position and the form of the maximum and minimum of these stru...

Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of LiH

The X-ray photoelectron spectrum and the Li K photoelectric yield spectrum of LiH have been measured to study the electronic structure of the valence band and the conduction band. The structure of the spectra is compared with the existing energy-band calculations of LiH. The calculated energy band including the correlation-relaxation effects explains qualitatively the observed shapes of the spectra. However, in detail there exist several discrepancies between the experimental and the calculated results with respect to the band width and the energy differences among the core level, the valence band and the conduction band.

Fine Structures of X-ray K Absorption Spectra of Copper in Various Copper Compounds

By using the North American Philips Diffraction Unit and Wide Range Goniometer modified to a tube spectrometer described by Coster and De Lang, the fine structures of the X-ray K absorption edges of copper in following compounds were recorded: cupric chloride (CuCl 2 ), cupric chloride dihydrate (CuCl 2 ·2 H 2 O), cupric bromide (CuBr 2 ), cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 ·5 H 2 O), cupric nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3 H 2 O), cupric carbonate (CuCO 3 ), cupric formate tetrahydrate (Cu(HCOO) 2 ·4 H 2 O), cupric acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O), bis glycino copper monohydrate (Cu(C 2 H 4 NO 2 ) 2 ·H 2 O), bis glycino copper hydrate (Cu(C 2 H 4 NO 2 ) 2 ·H 2 O), copper phthalocyanine β-form (CuC 32 H 16 N 8 ), copper phthalocyanine α-form (CuC 32 H 16 N 8 ), cuprous chrloride (CuCl), cuprous bromide (CuBr) and cuprous iodide (CuI). The recorded curves of the fine structures of the Cu K absorption edges of these compounds, except α- and β-phthalocyanine, were found to be very similar in fo...

On the Fine Structures of X-ray Absorption Spectra of Amorphous Substances The Amorphous State of the Binary System of Nickel-Sulfur. II.

We prepared the simultaneously electrodeposited Ni-S containing O, 9, 13, 17 and 25 wt. % sulfur and studied their crystalline forms and electrical resistances. Of these samples, those containing 9, 13 and 17% sulfur are amorphous and crystallize when heated to 180°C. The above results were reported in paper I. 1) We photographed the fine structures of Ni K X-ray absorption spectra in the amorphous and crystalline states of the same samples. We measured the wave-lengths of the fine structures of the Ni K absorption edge and intensities of their non-absorption maxima. We find the fine structures in the amorphous states; their shapes and wave-lengths show a similarity to those shown by the substances which have undergone crystallization. But generally, in the amorphous state, the fine structure is less pronounced at the shorter wave-length side than in the crystalline state. We conclude from the above results and previous results in paper I that the amorphous Ni-S is the aggregate state of fine crystals, an...

Splitting of 3p Spectra of Transition-Metal Ions in X-Ray Photoemission of VCl3, CrCl3 and CrBr3

X-ray photoemission spectra of the 3 p electrons of transition-metal ions in VCl 3 , CrCl 3 and CrBr 3 have been measured. The results are compared with the existing theoretical spectra calculated on the basis of the ligand field theory. The spectra of V 3+ and Cr 3+ can be explained to some extent by the multiplet splitting due to the interaction between 3 d electrons and a 3 p hole in the crystal field. In contrast with the case of Ni 2+ , the values of the Slater-Condon parameters for V 3+ and Cr 3+ in their halides are nearly equal to those of the free ions and the effect of the hole-induced covalency has little influence on the spectra.

Energy Spectra of Thermally Stimulated Exoelectrons from KCl:Tl X-Irradiated at 77 K

Simultaneous measurements of the energy spectra of thermally stimulated exoelectrons and of the surface potential are carried out on KCl:Tl X-irradiated at 77 K. It is found that high energetic exoelectrons are emitted when the sample surface is charged up positive and that the width of their energy spectra is larger than the non-uniform spread of the surface potential (patch field). These results suggest that the energy spectra of the thermally stimulated exoelectrons from KCl:Tl may be interpreted using a space charge model, in which the exoelectrons are accelerated by the internal electric field and are scattered by the optical modes of lattice vibrations during the transport of the exoelectrons to the surface, although the patch field effect also is thought to contribute to the energy spectra of the exoelectrons.

On the Amorphous State of the Binary System of Nickel-Sulfur

We prepared the simultaneously electro-deposited Ni-S containing 0, 9, 13, 17 and 25 wt. % sulfur and studied their crystalline forms by X-ray diffraction patterns. The diffraction patterns of Ni-S containing 13 and 17% S show a uniform fog, and 7% S shows a halo, and 0 and 25% S are the same as those of Ni and Ni 3 S 2 respectively. All amorphous samples crystallized after they had been heated to 180°C, and their diffraction patterns show the crystalline states of the two phase region of Ni and Ni 3 S 2 . The electrical resistances of these samples were measured in a vacuum furnace and in an oil bath. The resistances of these samples containing 9, 13 and 17% S gradually decrease as the temperature increases and suddenly drop at 180°C, then follow the usual behavior of the common metals for both increasing and decreasing temperatures. In the case of 0% S it does not differ from that of the pure nickel. We conclude that the amorphous state has the structure of a certain regularity, and that 180°C is the tr...

Thermally Stimulated Exoelectron Emission of Evaporated LiF Films

The authors would like to thank Mr. M. Fujisawa of Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory of IS SP, University of Tokyo for reflectivity measurements, Prof. T. Saito, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, for ellipsometry measurements, and Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. for EPMA measurements. This work has been partly supported by the financial contribution from Nippon Steel Co., Ltd.

On the Structure of the X-Ray Non-diagram Lines Kβη for Elements from Cr(24) to Zn(30)

With a bent crystal X-ray spectrograph of the Cauchois type, the nondiagram line K β η was resolved into two components and the longer wavelength one was designated as K β l line. The intensity ratios of the K β η and K β l to the K α 1 line were both estimated approximately to be the order of 10 -4 or less. On the basis of the wave-length positions, we could ascribe the origin of these lines to the two-electron jump between the double-hole levels (1 s 2 p ) and (2 s 3 s ). The hypothesis of such a two-electron jump which obeys the Heisenberg selection rule was first proposed by one of the present authors. 3) The K β η originates from the transition K L II – L I M I , and K β l from K L III – L I M I .

Rare-Earth N4,5 Absorption Spectra of Some Rare-Earth Compounds

The rare-earth N 4,5 absorption spectra of rare-earth compounds RCl 3 , (R=La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Gd) and RB 6 (R=La and Sm) were measured to obtain the informationon the excited state 4 d 9 4 f n +1 of these substances, where n equals the number of the 4 f electrons in the ground state. The structures of the absorption spectra are well explained by the multiplet states of the 4 d 9 4 f n +1 configuration in the final state. The Sm N 4,5 absorption spectrum of SmB 6 shows no distinct indication due to the Sm 2+ ion regardless of the valence mixing between the Sm 2+ and Sm 3+ ions. The absorption structure corresponding to the Sm 2+ ion may be smeared owing to the autoionization process of the excited state 4 d 9 4 f 7 of the Sm 2+ ion because this state is located above the 4 d ionization threshold of the Sm 2+ ion.