Kenneth A. Weaver

Comparisons of the Vocabulary Scores and IQs on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—III and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—III and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised were given to 33 children (15 boys, 18 girls) who were enrolled in Grades 3, 4, and 5. The statistically significant correlations of .75, .76, and .60, respectively, between the Peabody Standard Score Equivalents and the Wechsler Vocabulary subtest scaled scores and the Wechsler Verbal and Full Scale IQs suggest that the Peabody appears to be a satisfactory screening test of intelligence for use with children in these grades.

DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS BETWEEN TRADITIONAL WORKERS AND SHIFTWORKERS

Shiftwork causes a number of physical and psychological problems. As a result, we predicted depression to be worse for shiftworkers than for workers with more traditional schedules. In addition, we predicted that women would report more depressive symptoms than men as is the case in the general population. Questionnaire packets which included the Beck Depression Inventory were mailed to 153 workers in a small community. Analysis showed that, contrary to expectation, shiftworkers as a group suffered no more depressive symptoms than traditional workers. However, while both sexes had similar mean scores on depression among the shiftworkers, women were significantly more depressed than men among traditional workers.

Correlations between Scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III and the General Purpose Abbreviated Battery of the Stanford-Binet IV:

Estimations of some relationships among scores on the “General Purpose Abbreviated Battery” of the Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III were based on the responses of 14 boys and 18 girls enrolled in Grades 3, 4, and 5 and who took both tests. Of 13 Pearson correlations between the Binet IV composite score and the Wechsler subtest scores and IQs 12 were statistically significant (rs = .45 to .74). The new Wechsler scale appears to be a valid instrument for the 32 children (8–8 to 11–11) who were tested.

Relationships between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition.

The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test detects learning problems of young students and is a screen for whether a more comprehensive test of intelligence is needed. A study to assess whether this test was valid as an adult intelligence test was conducted with 20 undergraduate psychology majors. The correlations between the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Tests Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices test scores and their corresponding Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition test scores, the Full Scale (r = .88), Verbal (r = .77), and Performance scores (r = .87), indicated very strong relationships. In addition, no significant differences were obtained between the Composite, Vocabulary, and Matrices means of the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test and the Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance means of the WAIS–III. The Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test appears to be a valid test of intelligence for adults.

Relationships between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.

A kindergarten class of 9 boys and 11 girls took the 1986 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (Fourth Edition) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Of 6 correlations of total scores and subtest pairs, only the correlation of total scores was statistically significant (p<.01).

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SCORES ON WECHSLER PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY SCALE OF INTELLIGENCE-REVISED AND STANFORD-BINET IV'

The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence—Revised and the Stanford Binet-Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition were given to 51 preschool, kindergarten, first, and second grade students. Twelve of 15 Pearson correlations between Wechsler IQs and composite and area scores of the Stanford-Binet IV were statistically significant. It is apparent that the two tests measure similar, but not identical, concepts.

CORRELATIONS OF SCORES OF MAXIMUM SECURITY INMATES ON WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE-REVISED AND PEABODY PICTURE VOCABULARY TEST-REVISED

29 men (15 white, 14 black) who were inmates at a maximum security penitentiary were given the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised on which the full scale IQs correlated .80. This suggests the Peabody would serve as an effective screening test for this population.

Correlations between Scores on Stanford-Binet IV and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised were given to 32 general psychology students (16 men, 16 women). All 15 Pearson correlations between the composite and area scores of Binet IV with WAIS—R IQs were statistically significant. Of 5 correlations for subtest pairs of the two tests, 4 (.59 to .86) were statistically significant. Binet IV may be a viable alternative or retest instrument for WAIS—R for use with young adults.

Null Effect of Mood as a Semantic Prime

Semantic tasks, such as lexical decision making and word recognition, have not produced a mood priming effect. Earlier studies have been criticized because they included (a) mood induction techniques that required instruction to feel the mood, and (b) the use of overlearned tasks that did not require controlled processing. In this pair of experiments, the authors attempted to address these criticisms. However, the results of this study did not demonstrate a mood priming effect for happy and sad subjects who appraised sentence content as being happy or sad. The results of this study supported the dissociation of semantic and episodic memory.

Autobiographical Recall and Visual Imagery

If high visual imagery is a component of successful autobiographical recall for personal episodes, then those participants who have high imagery should have greater autobiographical recall for personal episodes. This hypothesis was tested by giving 30 selected participants, 15 who had high and 15 low visual imagery, 90 sec. to recall personal episodic information from three time periods in their lives. Also assessed were the effects of visual imagery on autobiographical recall for personal semantic and nonpersonal semantic information (vegetables and adjectives). Level of visual imagery was significantly related only for the group with lower visual imagery, who recalled more adjectives. The implications of the results for the semantic and episodic memory distinction within autobiographical memory were discussed.