Kenneth L. Stuart

Alkaloids from Croton humilis

Abstract N-Methyltyramine, N-methylhomotyramine, a C18H27N3O3 and a C35H51NO7 compound have been isolated from Croton humilis L.

Isolation and synthesis of glutamine and glutarimide derivatives fromCroton humilis

Abstract Extract of Croton humilis L. were shown to contain N - [N - (2 - methylpropanoyl) - l - glutaminoyl] - 2 - phenylethylamine, N - [N - 2R - methylbutanoyl) - l - glutaminoyl] - 2 - phenylethylamine, 2 - [N- (2 - methylpropanoyl)] - N - phenylethylglutarimide and 2 - [N- (2R - methylbutanoyl)] - N - phenylethylglutarimide. Structural proof was based on acid degradation, spectral studies as well as the synthesis of N - [N- (2- methylpropanoyl) - l - glutaminoyl] - 2 - phenylethylamine and 2 - [N - (2 - methylpropanoyl] - N - phenylethylglutarimide.

Glucosinolates in two jamaican Capparis species

Abstract Glucocapparin and gluconorcappasalin have been detected in Capparis flexuosa L. C. ferruginea L. contains at least five glucosinolates and one has been shown by paper chromatography to be gluconorcappasalin.

Further effects of vomifoliol on stomatal aperture and on the germination of lettuce and the growth of cucumber seedlings

Summary(+)-Vomifoliol was shown to be as rapidly acting as (±) abscissic acid in stomatal closure time studies which involved the use of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms epidermal strips. (±)-Vomifoliol was shown to be less effective, while 4-(1-hydroxy-4-keto-2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one) had only a slight effect in the same bioassay system. (+)-Vomifoliol showed no significant effect on the germination of lettuce seeds or the growth of cucumber seedlings.

Alkaloid biosynthesis in Croton flavens

Abstract The biosynthesis of the morphinandienone alkaloids norsinoacutine, sinoacutine and flavinantine has been studied using 1- 3 H-sinoacutine, 1- 3 H-norsinoacutine, 1- 3 H-norsinoacutinols, l -[ S -methyl- 14 C]-methionine, glycine-2- 14 C, 1- 3 H-8,14-dihydronorsalutaridine, 1- 3 H-8,14-dihydrosalutaridine, 1- 3 H-sinomenine, 1- 3 H-isosinomenine, (±)-[2- 14 C]phenylalanine, (±)-[ N -methyl- 14 C]orientaline and (±)-[ N -methyl- 14 C]reticuline.

Alkaloid biosynthesis in Croton linearis

Abstract The ability of Croton linearis to form crotonosine from linearisine has been demonstrated; the extent of this conversion appears to vary according to the sex of the plant.

Reducing global health inequalities. Part 1.

This paper summarizes four UK reviews of socially stratified health inequalities that were undertaken during the past five decades. It describes the background of misplaced optimism and false hopes which characterized the UKs own record of health inequalities; the broken promises on debt cancellations which was the experience of developing countries. It describes why the UKs past leadership record in international health provides grounds for optimism for the future and for benefits for both developed and developing countries through the adoption of more collaborative approaches to global health than have characterized international relationships in the past. It recalls the enthusiasm generated in the UK, and internationally, by the establishment of the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. It promotes the perception of health both as a global public good and as a developmental issue and why a focus on poverty is essential to the address of global health issues. It sees the designing of appropriate strategies and partnerships towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals as an important first step for achieving successful address to global public health issues.

Alkaloids from Croton plumieri

Abstract Croton plumieri Urb. has been shown to contain the alkaloids crotonosine, l - N -methylcrotonosine, salutaridine and 8,14-dihydrosalutaridine. A comparison is made with the alkaloid contents of C. linearis Jacq. and C. flavens L. which are now believed to be the parents of the hybrid C. plumieri .

Reducing global health inequalities. Part 2: Myriad challenges

We describe the wide range of government sectors and national capabilities that would have roles in the development of collaborative strategies for the successful reduction of national health inequalities. We review the constraints that would need to be overcome in developing such a collaborative instrument. We advocate the establishment of such a group in any country committed to this objective and that it might be termed and function as a ‘National Council for the Reduction of Health Inequalities’. We also indicate that much of the proposed action in reducing health inequalities internationally is likely to be against poverty which is so commonly associated with them and is therefore likely to be focused on Africa, the home of many of the worlds poorest countries. Examples of Africa-related issues which commonly fall off national or international health agendas – uncontrolled population growth, agriculture and livestock development, arrangement for international health cooperation – have been discussed. Prospects are also presented for international cooperation in health to become a subject for discussion and promotion at the highest level of international diplomacy.

Reducing global health inequalities. part 3: collaboration and funding.

This paper examines Africas neglected tropical diseases HIV/AIDS malaria tuberculosis non-communicable disorders and mental disorders. It reviews the prospects for collaborative initiatives and funding support in these issues and stresses the importance of the roles of press television and media.