Kenneth Shulman

Pressure-Volume Considerations in Infantile Hydrocephalus

Intraventricular pressure in infants with progressive hydrocephalus was found to be within the normal range while the infants were resting, but wide fluctuations in pressure occurred during periods of activity such as sucking, crying or straining. Thus, evidence of normal ventricular pressure does not exclude the possibility of progressive hydrocephalus, and increased pressure is likely to occur for quite long periods while the hydrocephalic infant is engaged in normal infantile activities.

Intracranial meningiomas of infancy, childhood and adolescence. Review of the literature and addition of 9 case reports

[目的]观察灭幽汤对幽门螺杆菌（helicobacter pylori,Hp）相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证模型小鼠TLR4、NF-κB65的蛋白及mRNA、TNF-α、IL-8表达的影响,探讨灭幽汤治疗Hp相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证的机制.[方法]将70只BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、高浓度灭幽汤组（高灭组）、低浓度灭幽汤组（低灭组）、胃三联组（替硝唑＋克拉霉素＋枸橼酸铋钾颗粒）,每组14只;采用复合因素（肥甘食物＋湿热环境＋幽门螺杆菌）建立BALB/c小鼠Hp相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证模型;造模成功后连续给药14 d,而后分别采用免疫组化检测TLR4、NF-κB65蛋白,qPCR检测TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB65 mRNA的表达情况,采用ELISA检测血清TNF-α、IL-8的表达.[结果]模型组TLR4、NF-κB65的蛋白及mRNA、血清TNF-α、IL-8含量表达均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;通过药物治疗后,低灭组、高灭组、胃三联组TLR4、NF-κB65的蛋白及mRNA、血清TNF-α、IL-8含量表达均低于模型组,差异有统计学意义;高灭组TLR4、NF-κB65的蛋白及mRNA、血清TNF-α、IL-8含量表达虽低于胃三联组,但差异无统计学意义.[结论]灭幽汤可能通过干预TLR4/NF-κB65信号通路,抑制TLR4、NF-κB65及下游因子的表达以达到治疗Hp相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证的目的.

Spinal Cord Seeding from Cerebellar Astrocytomas

Three juvenile patients with cerebellar astrocytomas which have seeded the spinal subarachnoid space are presented. Histologic verification of the similarity between the posterior fossa tumor and its spinal implant was obtained in two of the three patients. The cerebellar tumors in all cases have been benign (grade I),and the behavior, other than their seeding has also been indolent. Review of pertinent literature discloses no similar experience with cerebellar astrocytomas. Aggressive therapy is advocated for the rare patient with subarachnoid seeding from this benign lesion.

The Time Course of Brain Tissue Pressure and Local CBF in Vasogenic Edema

Our results for tissue pressure show: 1. Resting brain tissue pressure is above atmospheric pressure and equal to cerebrospinal fluid pressure. 2. The ventricular fluid pressure provides a reasonable estimate (± 10 mm Hg) of the maximum brain tissue pressure. 3. Excluding impaction, the maximum brain tissue pressure gradients developed are transient, less than 10 mm Hg, and dissipate within 2 h. 4. With impaction, the brain tissue pressure tends to equilibrate with the compartmental CSF pressure.

Intracranial Meningiomas of Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence

The authors add 9 cases of pediatric meningiomas to 112 previously published cases and review clinical findings. Characteristic clinical and radiologic features are discussed in an attempt to identify

Brain Tissue Damage in Hydrocephalus

Experimental hydrocephalus was induced by the infusion of a non‐inflammatory silicone oil into the cisterna magna of adult rabbits and infant dogs. In an histological and electron‐microscopical study, the brain tissue damage in these animals was compared with that in cerebral biopsies from hydrocephalic human infants.

Primary intracranial Burkitt's lymphoma in an infant.

A case of intracranial Burkitts lymphoma is reported in a child whose symptoms began at 3 months of age with a definite histologic diagnosis established at 18 months. Serologic studies demonstrated high antibody titers to Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) in the patient and in four out of five members of the immediate family. The patient also demonstrated immunity to antigens derived from African Burkitts lymphoma cell lines. The autopsy findings strongly support the case for the primary intracranial origin of the neoplasm and a perinatal infection with EBV is probable in this case.

Gradients of Brain Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Experimental Brain Infusion and Compression

Brain interstitial fluid pressure (BIFP) measured with a cotton wick catheter is different from and usually below cisterna magna pressure (CMP). BIFP gradients in the region of cold induced edema and emboli have been shown. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the biomechanics of local tissue pressure in response to modifying influences: the direct infusion of mock CSF into the cat’s deep white matter and the change of BIFP induced by balloon compression.

The Effect of Severe Hydrocephalus on Size and Number of Brain Cells

Histological and biochemical studies were made of the brains of 13 hydrocephalic adult cats and 7 control animals in order to establish whether there is any significant variation in the size or number of brain cells as a result of hydrocephalus and whether such variation could be a factor limiting repair of cerebral damage.

The Epidemiology of Head Injury in the Bronx; pp. 79–88

The epidemiology of head injury was studied in the Bronx, N.Y., for the period March 1980 through February 1981. Using a ratio estimation sampling scheme the annual incidence rate, age-adjusted to the