Kenneth W. Jones

Communalism in the Punjab: The Arya Samaj Contribution

Few features of modern South Asian history have received more comment than communalism, its impact on the development of nationalism and its threat to the continued existence of a secular Indian state. For many supporters of Indian nationalism, communalism was the result of British machinations, of a “divide and rule” policy used to impede and, finally, to frustrate the ambitions of those who desired a free, united India. For the proponents of Pakistan, communalism was not an issue, since they premised their actions on the concept of “two nations,” one Hindu and one Islamic, which both sought to establish themselves as political entities. Their world was defined by religion and what others called communalism was nationalism in such a world. Communalism exists as a historic reality and a common though ambiguous and increasingly pejorative analytic concept.

The Bengali Elite in Post-Annexation Punjab

On March 29, 1948, the British Government of India announced the annexation of the Sikh Kingdom of the Punjab, finishing the process of expansion that had witnessed the gradual absorption of India into the British Raj. The creation of a new administrative system, its success in maintaining peace throughout the annexed territories during the Mutiny, and the rapid development of this ’model’ province during the last half of the 19th century are known in outline to every student off Indian history. The social changes that accompanied this administrative process are less well known. Examination of social changes in India has focussed on a national and regional scale either concerned primarily with the creation of new class and occupational groupings or the alteration of traditional patterns of social and economic hierarchy. The movement of Indians from_ one region to another is still a largely unexplored process, a process that invites, if not necessitates, more than one analytical approach. Total emigration to or migration from

Lions of the Punjab : culture in the making

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Dayananda Sarasvati: His Life and Ideas.

This biography interprets Dayananda in his time as an integral part of the vigorous intellectual atmosphere of 19th-century India. It contains an exploration of Dayanandas ideas and theories and a social analysis pertaining to his involvement in social and religious reform. The author provides an account of the chief events of Dayanandas life, traced primarily from contemporary documents and in particular from Dayanandas writings. This combines with the study of his ideological development and of the social background to give a portrait of Dayananda the man.