Kent D. Kobayashi

Modeling bud development during the quiescent phase in red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.)☆

Abstract Stages of bud development during the quiescent phase were numerically expressed by a degree growth stage (°GS) model. This phase extends from the end of rest (315°GS) to spring bud break (360°GS). This study determined temperature effects on bud development at different developmental stages during the quiescent phase. Results were used to develop a model for predicting daily bud development and spring bud break. At monthly intervals during the quiescent phase red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) plants were exposed in growth chambers to temperatures of 5–20°C and a 12-h photoperiod. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 20/15°C day/night temperatures and a 16-h photoperiod, and bud development evaluated on the basis of time required for terminal vegetative buds to break. Bud development increased with increasing temperatures, from 5 to 20°C, and with increasing bud development from 315 to 360°GS. In two years of study a model was developed, which used bihourly temperatures and accumulating °GS to predict daily bud development and spring bud break within three days.

Using Flipped Classroom and Virtual Field Trips to Engage Students

Student engagement in the classroom is critical for effective learning. To enhance student engagement, several teaching approaches can be used, including a flipped classroom approach and virtual field trips. The flipped classroom approach was used in an undergraduate tropical production systems course in which students viewed lecture materials outside of class, brought their smart devices to class to review materials, searched for new information on the Internet, and participated in small group discussions. In the virtual field trip assignment, each student visited a commercial farm or nursery, interviewed the owner or manager, and gave a presentation to the class about the operation of the enterprise and its sustainable practices.