Kevin Denny

Political interest, cognitive ability and personality: determinants of voter turnout in Britain

This paper uses longitudinal data from the National Cohort Development Study (NCDS) to investigate the determinants of voter turnout in the 1997 British General Election. It introduces measures of cognitive ability and personality into models of electoral participation and finds that firstly, their inclusion reduces the impact of education and secondly, that standard turnout models may be biased by the inclusion of the much used “interest in politics” measure. A bivariate probit model of turnout and interest then shows that individuals with high ability, an aggressive personality and a sense of civic duty are more likely to both turn out to vote and to have an interest in politics.

UNIONS AND INVESTMENT IN BRITISH INDUSTRY

This paper presents an empirical analysis of investment in British industry using data at the industry level and focusing on union effects. The authors find that the rate of investment is around 28 percent lower in firms that recognize unions and have an average union density relative to those in which unions are not recognized. This is the gross effect, holding wages, product prices, and productivity constant. If we take account of union effects on these as well, the overall effect is an investment reduction of 16 percent in competitive firms and 3 percent in noncompetitive firms. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.

The Economic Consequences of Being Left-Handed: Some Sinister Results.

This paper estimates the effects of handedness on earnings. Augmenting a conventional earnings equation with an indicator of left-handedness shows there is a positive effect on male earnings with manual workers enjoying a slightly larger premium. These results are inconsistent with the view that left-handers in general are handicapped either innately or through experiencing a world geared toward right-handers. Left-handed females however are paid significantly less. The results are consistent with a range of mostly psychological evidence, which suggests that left-hander males have particular talents such as enhanced creativity.

Handedness and depression, evidence from a large population survey

There is a considerable body of research arguing for an association between psychotic disorders and atypical brain lateralisation—where non-right-handedness is usually taken as a marker for the latter. By contrast, there has been less attention given to a possible link between handedness and affective disorders (particularly major depression) and, unlike the case of psychosis, there is no a priori reason for such a link. There are very few studies of the relationship between depression and handedness in normal populations. This paper uses a new large population survey from 12 European countries to measure the association between handedness and depression. It is found that, using three different measures, left-handers are significantly more likely to have depressive symptoms that right-handers. For example left-handers are about 5% more likely to have reported having ever experienced symptoms of depression compared to about 27% of the total sample.

Testing for Sheepskin Effects in Earnings Equations: Evidence for Five Countries

Using a dataset that allows consistent cross-country comparisons the non-linearity in a conventional earnings equation is tested with respect to schooling. The findings suggest that the assumption of linearity is not robust and that there are well-determined positive returns to the completion of educational levels. However, inferences are sensitive to the choice of functional form.

Can education compensate for low ability? Evidence from British data

This article investigates whether the returns to education vary with the level of cognitive ability. Unlike much of the literature, this article finds that the return to schooling is lower for those with higher cognitive ability indicating that education can act as a substitute for observed ability. Using quantile regressions we also find that, again unlike most of the literature, returns are higher at lower quintiles of the conditional earnings distribution. This suggests that education is also a substitute for unobserved ability. The policy implications are that increasing education in general and particularly for those with lower ability should reduce income inequality.

Big and tall parents do not have more sons

In a 2005 paper Kanezawa proposed a generalisation of the classic Trivers- Willard hypothesis. It was argued that as a result taller and heavier parents should have more sons relative to daughters. Using two British cohort studies, evidence was presented which was partly consistent with the hypothesis. I analyse the relationship between an individual being male and their parents’ height and weight using one of the datasets. No evidence of any such relationship is found.

New methods for comparing literacy across populations: insights from the measurement of poverty

Summary. This paper analyses levels of low literacy across 12 countries by using the International Adult Literacy Survey. We go beyond existing work that only looks at the proportions below certain critical levels of literacy. Using methods developed for the measurement of poverty we calculate measures of literacy that are sensitive to the distribution of literacy within those defined as illiterate. This reveals a different pattern of the extent of literacy problems across countries and within some populations. These measures should be useful to policy makers who need to allocate resources to alleviate low literacy and numeracy.

Productivity and trade unions in British manufacturing industry 1973-85

This paper uses panel data on British manufacturing industries between 1973 and 1985 to examine the relationship between productivity and labour organisation. It is shown that the precise relationship between unions and productivity levels is difficult to pin down. There is some evidence of a negative relationship further as does controlling for endogeneity. We also find some evidence that industrial concentration is associated with higher levels of measured productivity.

Handedness and drinking behaviour

OBJECTIVES A number of papers have investigated whether there is an association between handedness and alcohol consumption hypothesizing that alcoholism may be a consequence of atypical cerebral lateralization or a response to the stress involved in being a minority in a right-handed world. Research to date has mostly used small clinical samples, some without a comparison group. This paper exams this issue using a large population-based random sample. DESIGN A large multi-country data set of nationally representative samples of the non-institutional population aged 50 years and older from 12 European countries was used (N= 27,428). methods: Logistic regression was used to model the frequency with which individuals self-report the frequency of alcohol consumption. A series of models with differing numbers of potential confounders are estimated. The predictors of frequent and infrequent drinking are investigated separately. RESULTS After controlling for a number of confounders it is shown that left-handers do drink more often. However, this is due to them being less likely to drink rarely (less than once a month) or not at all. CONCLUSIONS The evidence suggests that while there is an association between left-handedness and frequency of alcohol consumption there is no reason to believe that it is associated with excessive alcohol consumption or risky drinking.