Khaled El-Adl

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation studies of novel quinazolinone derivatives as anticonvulsant agents

In view of their expected anticonvulsant activity, some novel derivatives of 6,8-diiodo-2-methyl-3-substituted-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones (4–14) were synthesized, evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity by the maximal electroshock-induced seizure and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole tests. The neurotoxicity was assessed using rotorod test. All the tested compounds showed considerable anticonvulsant activity in at least one of the anticonvulsant tests. Compounds 5, 6, and 8 proved to be the most potent compounds of this series with relatively low neurotoxicity and low toxicity in the median lethal dose test when compared with the reference drugs. The obtained results showed that the most potent compounds could be useful as a template for future design, optimization, and investigation to produce more active analogs.

Design, molecular docking and synthesis of some novel 4-acetyl-1-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivatives for anticonvulsant evaluation as AMPA-receptor antagonists

A new series of 4-acetyl-1-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones (2–13) were designed and synthesized in order to evaluate their AMPA-receptor antagonism as a potential mode of anticonvulsant activity. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass). The molecular design was performed for all the synthesized compounds to predict their binding affinity to AMPA-receptor in order to rationalize their anticonvulsant activity in a qualitative way. The data obtained from the molecular modeling was strongly correlated with that obtained from the biological screening which revealed that; compounds 12b, 13, 12a and 7a showed the highest binding affinities toward AMPA-receptor and also showed the highest anticonvulsant activities against pentylenetetrazole -induced seizures in experimental mice. The relative potencies of these compounds were 1.66, 1.66, 1.61 and 0.82 respectively, in comparing to diazepam.

Design, synthesis, docking, and biological evaluation of some novel 5-chloro-2-substituted sulfanylbenzoxazole derivatives as anticonvulsant agents

AbstractIn view of their expected anticonvulsant activity, some novel derivatives of 5-chloro-2-substituted sulfanylbenzoxazoles (5–15f) were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. The molecular docking was performed for all the synthesized compounds to assess their binding affinities to KCNQ2 receptor in order to rationalize their anticonvulsant activities in a qualitative way. The data obtained from the molecular modeling were correlated with that obtained from the biological screening. These data revealed that compounds 15f, 7c, 15b, and 15d showed the highest binding affinities toward KCNQ2 receptor along with the highest anticonvulsant activities in experimental mice. The highest active compounds showed relative potencies of 0.98, 0.94, 0.91, and 0.83, respectively, in comparing to phenobarbital sodium.

Quinoxalin-2(1 H )-one derived AMPA-receptor antagonists: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticonvulsant activity

A new series of 4-acetyl-1-substituted-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones (3–14) were designed and synthesized in order to evaluate their α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonism as a proposed mode of their anticonvulsant activity. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data (infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13CNMR, and mass). The molecular design was performed for all synthesized compounds to predict their binding affinity towards AMPA-receptor in order to rationalize their anticonvulsant activity in a qualitative way and explain the possible interactions that might take place between the tested derivatives and AMPA receptor in comparing to compounds III and YM872 in order to obtain the anticonvulsant effect. The data obtained from the molecular modeling was strongly correlated with that obtained from the biological screening which revealed that; compounds 14b, 14a, and 13b showed the highest binding affinities toward AMPA-receptor and also showed the highest anticonvulsant activities against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in experimental mice. The relative potencies of these compounds were 1.89, 1.83, and 1.51 respectively, in comparing to diazepam.

Synthesis, Modelling, and Anticonvulsant Studies of New Quinazolines Showing Three Highly Active Compounds with Low Toxicity and High Affinity to the GABA-A Receptor

Some novel fluorinated quinazolines (5a–j) were designed and synthesized to be evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and their neurotoxicity. Structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by their infrared (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis (CHN). The anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by a subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) test and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure test, while neurotoxicity was evaluated by a rotorod test. The molecular docking was performed for all newly-synthesized compounds to assess their binding affinities to the GABA-A receptor in order to rationalize their anticonvulsant activities in a qualitative way. The data obtained from the molecular modeling was correlated with that obtained from the biological screening. These data showed considerable anticonvulsant activity for all newly-synthesized compounds. Compounds 5b, 5c, and 5d showed the highest binding affinities toward the GABA-A receptor, along with the highest anticonvulsant activities in experimental mice. These compounds also showed low neurotoxicity and low toxicity in the median lethal dose test compared to the reference drugs. A GABA enzymatic assay was performed for these highly active compounds to confirm the obtained results and explain the possible mechanism for anticonvulsant action. The most active compounds might be used as leads for future modification and optimization.

Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Anticancer Activity of Phthalazine Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors: Phthalazine Derivatives as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors

Novel series of phthalazine derivatives 6–11 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against two human tumor cell lines, HCT‐116 human colon adenocarcinoma and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells, targeting the VEGFR‐2 enzyme. Compounds 7a,b and 8b,c showed the highest anticancer activities against both HCT116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells with IC50 of 6.04 ± 0.30, 13.22 ± 0.22, 18 ± 0.20, and 35 ± 0.45 μM, respectively, and MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with IC50 of 8.8 ± 0.45, 17.9 ± 0.50, 25.2 ± 0.55, and 44.3 ± 0.49 μM, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib as reference drug with IC50 of 5.47 ± 0.3 and 7.26 ± 0.3 μM, respectively. Eleven compounds in this series were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against VEGFR‐2, where compounds 7a, 7b, 8c, and 8b also showed the highest VEGFR‐2 inhibition with IC50 of 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.31 ± 0.03, 0.72 ± 0.08, and 0.91 ± 0.08 μM, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib as reference ligand with IC50 of 0.1 ± 0.02. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed for all synthesized compounds to predict their binding pattern and affinity towards the VEGFR‐2 active site, in order to rationalize their anticancer activity in a qualitative way.