Khalid Haseeb

A survey on trust based detection and isolation of malicious nodes in ad-hoc and sensor networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have gained remarkable appreciation and technological development over the last few years. Despite ease of deployment, tremendous applications and significant advantages, security has always been a challenging issue due to the nature of environments in which nodes operate. Nodes’ physical capture, malicious or selfish behavior cannot be detected by traditional security schemes. Trust and reputation based approaches have gained global recognition in providing additional means of security for decision making in sensor and ad-hoc networks. This paper provides an extensive literature review of trust and reputation based models both in sensor and ad-hoc networks. Based on the mechanism of trust establishment, we categorize the state-of-the-art into two groups namely node-centric trust models and system-centric trust models. Based on trust evidence, initialization, computation, propagation and weight assignments, we evaluate the efficacy of the existing schemes. Finally, we conclude our discussion with identification of some unresolved issues in pursuit of trust and reputation management.

A trust aware routing protocol for energy constrained wireless sensor network

The reliable data delivery is a challenging task in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to dynamic and unpredictable changing behaviors of nodes. The traditional cryptographic and authentication based schemes can’t be adopted due to their associated cost and incapability to counter nodes misbehavior attacks. Recently, trust based solutions have proved to be more effective to address nodes’ misbehavior attacks. Apart from isolating misbehaving nodes, the existing trust based schemes lacks the capability to minimize link failure notifications due to transient transmission disruption which consequently give rise to frequent route breakages thereby undermining throughput and route stability. Moreover, the existing solutions give rise to high energy consumption and control overhead in pursuit of trust estimation and network-wide dissemination which not only adds to network congestion but also undermines network lifetime. In this paper, we present a Trust and Energy aware Routing Protocol (TERP) that makes use of a distributed trust model for the detection and isolation of misbehaving nodes. TERP incorporates a composite routing function that encompasses trust, residual-energy, and hop count of neighbor nodes in making routing decisions. This multi-facet routing strategy helps to balance out energy consumption among trusted nodes while routing data using shorter paths. Moreover, TERP intelligently evaluates the actual link breakage thereby avoiding unnecessary route discoveries. Simulation results demonstrate improved throughput, network lifetime and route stability of TERP when compared to existing work.

Adaptive energy aware cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown excessively due to their various applications and low installation cost. In WSN, the main concern is to reduce energy consumption among nodes while maintaining timely and reliable data forwarding. However, most of the existing energy aware routing protocols incur unbalanced energy consumption, which results in inefficient load balancing and compromised network lifetime. Therefore, the main target of this research paper is to present adaptive energy aware cluster-based routing (AECR) protocol for improving energy conservation and data delivery performance. Our proposed AECR protocol differs from other energy efficient routing schemes in some aspects. Firstly, it generates balance sized clusters based on nodes distribution and avoids random clusters formation. Secondly, it optimizes both intra-cluster and inter-cluster routing paths for improving data delivery performance while balancing data traffic on constructed forwarding routes and at the end, in order to reduce the excessive energy consumption and improving load distribution, the role of Cluster Head (CH) is shifted dynamically among nodes by exploit of network conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that AECR protocol outperforms state of the art in terms of various performance metrics.

Energy-aware and secure routing with trust for disaster response wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered as a useful alternative to provide prompt communication services in post disaster relief operations where field information is exchanged with first responders and nearby emergency centers. However, such application environments expose the nodes to physical capture, damage and misbehaviour attacks. In addition, the compromised nodes potentially increase network congestion by advertizing false information. The loss of critical information due to significant congestion and node misbehavior attacks adversely affect emergency operations. The traditional cryptographic and authentication based secure schemes can’t be adopted due to their associated cost and incapability to counter nodes misbehaviour attacks. Furthermore, existing trust based routing protocols incur high control overheads in trust estimation and dissemination; lead to high number of dead nodes due to adopted route discovery mechanism and suffer from high route instability. In this paper, we present an Energy-aware Secure Routing with Trust (ESRT) scheme that maintains a trusted environment and isolate misbehaving nodes. ESRT incorporates trust, energy, and hop counts for making routing decisions. This multi-facet routing strategy helps to balance out energy consumption among trusted nodes while routing data using shorter paths. Simulation results demonstrate improved performance of the ESRT scheme when compared to existing work.

A dynamic Energy-aware fault tolerant routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

In recent decades, cluster-based schemes have emerged as viable solutions for energy conservation problem in wireless sensor networks (WSN). However, most of the existing solutions incur imbalanced energy consumption and high network overheads. In addition, existing cluster-based solutions do not optimize route discovery based on the restricted resources of sensor nodes. Moreover, most of the cluster-based solutions perform periodical re-clustering for load balancing, which results in shortening network lifetime. This research paper presents a Dynamic Energy-aware Fault Tolerant Routing (DEFTR) protocol that exploits uniform-sized network partitioning based on network size and utilizes a multi-facet routing mechanism, which takes into consideration the residual energy, and position and link quality of neighbors. Furthermore, DEFTR not only offers reliable and energy efficient data routing but also supports fault tolerance. Simulation results demonstrate that DEFTR improved the network lifetime by 20.9% and throughput by 35%, also it reduced the delay by 29% and transmission cost by 46% in comparison to the existing work.