Ki Cheor Bae

Closed reduction and internal fixation of displaced unstable lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children.

BACKGROUND Open reduction and internal fixation of a displaced unstable fracture of the lateral condyle of the humerus in a child usually produces a good result. Only a few reports have focused on closed reduction and internal fixation of these fractures. We prospectively studied closed reduction and internal fixation to determine its usefulness as the initial treatment for displaced unstable fractures of the lateral condyle of the humerus. METHODS We classified lateral condylar humeral fractures into five groups according to the degree of displacement and the fracture pattern as determined on four radiographic views and created an algorithm for the treatment of these fractures on the basis of this classification system. We prospectively treated sixty-three unstable fractures (in forty-two boys and twenty-one girls) and assessed the quality of closed reduction. RESULTS Thirteen of seventeen stage-3 fractures were reduced to < or =1 mm of residual displacement. Thirty of forty stage-4 fractures and three of six stage-5 fractures were reduced to < or =2 mm of displacement. In ten of forty stage-4 fractures and three of six stage-5 fractures, closed reduction to within 2 mm failed and open reduction and internal fixation was performed. There were no major complications such as osteonecrosis of the trochlea or capitellum, nonunion, malunion, or early physeal arrest. CONCLUSIONS Closed reduction and internal fixation is an effective treatment for unstable displaced lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in many children. If fracture displacement after closed reduction exceeds 2 mm, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended.

Operative Treatment of Clavicle Midshaft Fractures: Comparison between Reconstruction Plate and Reconstruction Locking Compression Plate

Background To compare the outcomes of reconstruction plate and reconstruction locking compression plate (LCP) for the treatment of clavicle midshaft fractures. Methods Forty one patients with a clavicle midshaft fracture were treated by internal fixation with a reconstruction plate (19 patients) or reconstruction LCP (22 patients). The clinical and radiological results were evaluated according to the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score and plain radiographs. Results The mean time to union was 14.6 weeks in the reconstruction plate group compared to 13.2 weeks in the reconstruction LCP group (p > 0.05). The mean score to Quick DASH was 33.85 points in the reconstruction plate group compared to 34.81 points in the reconstruction LCP group (p > 0.05). The complications in the reconstruction plate were hypertrophic scarring in 2 cases, painful shoulder in 2 cases, limitation of shoulder motion in 2 cases, and screw loosening in 3 cases. In addition, the complications in the reconstruction LCP group was hypertrophic scarring in 4 cases, painful shoulder in 1 case and a limitation of shoulder motion in 1case (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study showed radiologically and clinically satisfactory results in both groups. Overall, operative treatment with a Reconstruction plate or reconstruction LCP for clavicle shaft fractures can be used to obtain stable fixation.

Two-stage revision using a modified articulating spacer in infected total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose To evaluate clinical results of two-stage revision using a modified articulating spacer for treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases treated by two-stage revision arthroplasty using a modified articulating spacer under the diagnosis of infected TKA from January 2006 to December 2011. The mean follow-up period was 22.3 months. The first operation consisted of debridement after removal of the prosthesis, reinsertion of the femoral component after autoclaving, and implantation of antibiotic-loaded cement with a new polyethylene in the proximal tibia. Results The mean period between the primary TKA and the first stage operation was 39 months and between the first stage operation and the revision arthroplasty was 3.3 months. The average range of motion (ROM) increased from 69.8° preoperatively to 102.8° postoperatively (p<0.001). The mean Knee Society knee score increased from 33.8 points to 85.3 points (p<0.001). The mean Knee Society function score increased from 35 points to 87.5 points (p<0.001). The mean Hospital for Special Surgery score increased from 57.6 points preoperatively to 82.6 points postoperatively (p<0.001). Two cases (10%) were re-infected after the revision arthroplasty. Conclusions Two-stage revision arthroplasty using an articulating cement spacer can be an effective therapy not only for the treatment of an infected TKA but also for recovery of knee ROM and function.

Indirect reduction of the radial head in children with chronic Monteggia lesions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the long-term follow-up results of chronic Monteggia fractures treated with angulation–translation osteotomy of ulna and closed reduction of the radial head. Design: Retrospective. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: We retrospectively reviewed 10 missed Monteggia fractures in children. The mean age of the patients was 7.5 years (range, 6–10 years), and there were 2 girls and 8 boys. The mean duration of time between initial injury and initial presentation was 1.7 years (range, 6 weeks to 5 years). Intervention: Closed reduction with ulna osteotomy or lengthening was performed in all 10 cases. Annular ligament reconstruction (ALR) was done in 2 cases. Final follow-up ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 10 years). Main Outcome Measurement: We assessed preoperative and postoperative radiographs to evaluate the quality of the radial head reduction. Clinical results were assessed according to the functional elbow score devised by Kim et al. Results: Radial head reduction was achieved and maintained in 8 of 10 cases after primary or secondary surgery. The radial head was mildly subluxated in one case and dislocated in another case at final follow-up. ALR was performed in only 2 cases. Open reduction and ALR is not required in every case, and its need should depend on intraoperative stability of radial head. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Extra-articular pigmented villonodular synovitis of the subacromial space.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign, proliferating disease affecting the synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. The knee is the most common site of involvement and accounts for up to 80% of cases. Involvement of the shoulder is extremely rare. Only 1 case of involvement of the subacromial space has been reported worldwide. We report a case of localized extra-articular PVNS of the subacromial space that was satisfactorily treated with open excisional biopsy and subacromial bursectomy after diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy. We visualized the glenohumeral joint to rule out articular invasion and intra-articular pathology with an arthroscope, which revealed a highly vascular synovium protruding into the intra-articular area of the rotator interval, with no direct invasion by the extra-articular mass. An open excisional biopsy and subacromial bursectomy was performed. The disease has not recurred during an 18-month follow-up period. The clinical manifestation, treatment, and prognosis of extra-articular PVNS are poorly understood, but if the lesion is left untreated, it can invade the surrounding soft tissue and joint. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important for the satisfactory management of PVNS.

Chondral fracture of the lateral femoral condyle in children with different treatment methods.

Adolescents are predisposed to chondral injuries of the knee; however, the incidence of traumatic chondral and osteochondral fractures and their role in the development of joint degeneration are not fully elucidated. Several methods are described for the treatment of chondral or osteochondral fractures of the knee. In our literature review, we could not find any report on the management of chondral fractures with autologous bone pegs or headless screws. We report three cases of traumatic cartilage fractures of the lateral femoral condyle in adolescents who were treated with three different methods. We also present their follow-up outcomes.

Osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity causing an avulsion of the distal biceps tendon.

Osteochondromas are one of the most common benign bone tumors. They usually arise from the metaphyses of long bones. Involvement of the bicipital tuberosity is rare. To date, no reports have described avulsed rupture of the distal biceps tendon caused by an osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity. This article presents a case of avulsion of the distal biceps tendon secondary to sessile osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity in a 65-year-old right-handed sedentary worker who presented with insidious pain and limited motion in his left elbow for 2 months. Intraoperative findings showed a bony mass of 25×23×5 mm with osteocartilaginous nodules on the bicipital tuberosity. The distal biceps tendon with an avulsed bony fragment was displaced proximally, with a 20-mm gap between the tendon and the bicipital tuberosity. After complete excision of the mass, footprint preparation at the bicipital tuberosity was performed using a 4.0-mm burr and anatomic reattachment of the distal biceps tendon with a 5.0-mm suture anchor. The pathologic diagnosis of osteochondroma was confirmed microscopically. We suggest that osteochondroma of the bicipital tuberosity be considered as a cause of painful limitation of forearm rotation or avulsed rupture of the distal biceps tendon.

Primary nonunion of the distal radius fractures in healthy children.

There are no published case series of nonunion of distal radius fractures in healthy children because of the rarity of its occurrence. We searched for all reported cases of this condition in Pubmed, Google scholar, and SCOPUS. We found three series, which included one previously reported by our group. The aim of the present study was to define the predisposing factors leading to nonunion after treatment of distal radius fractures in healthy children. We also aimed to emphasize that nonunion should be included in the list of complications of distal radius fractures in children and be mentioned in the textbook of pediatric trauma.

Bilateral Medial Tibial Plateau Fracture after Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Tibial plateau fractures after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are rare, and only isolated cases have been reported. The authors describe a case of bilateral medial tibial plateau fracture following a minor motorcycle accident in a patient who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction in the past. Two years and four months before the accident, the patient underwent an arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstruction using double-bundle technique on his left knee at a hospital. He had the same surgery using single-bundle technique on his right knee about eight months ago at another hospital. The fractures in his both involved knees occurred through the tibial tunnel and required open reduction with internal fixation. At three weeks after fixation, a second-look arthroscopy revealed intact ACLs in both knees. At five months follow-up, he was able to walk without instability on physical examination. Follow-up radiographs of the patient showed callus formations with healed fractures.

Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty with NexGen LPS-flex Implant Using Navigation System (Brain Lab): Results with a 5-year Follow-up

Purpose To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients that underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a NexGen LPS-Flex implant using a Navigation system (Brain Lab). Materials and Methods Between January 2001 and December 2005, 55 knees in 46 patients which used the NexGen LPS-Flex implant with a Navigation system (Brain Lab) for primary TKA were clinically and radiologically evaluated after a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Evaluation included preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), tibio-femoral angle and postoperative complications. Results Knee ROM was increased from 118.9° preoperatively to 126.9° at the last follow up. In addition, the preoperative flexion contracture improved from 6.5° to 1.8° postoperatively. The mean KSS and functional score were improved from 59.8 and 51.2 to postoperative scores of 86.4 and 85.2 respectively. The rate of appearance of radiolucency in X-ray was 21.8%. One case of superficial skin infection and one case of aseptic loosening were noted as complications but, did not require a revision surgery. Conclusions TKA with NexGen LPS-Flex implant using Navigation system (Brain Lab) showed satisfactory improvement in pain and function, but more long term follow up will be needed to complete verification.