Ki-Ho Nam

Changes in Nutrient Composition and Fermentation Properties of Abalone Mul-Kimchi using Dried Pollack and Licorice Stock

This study was carried out to investigate changes in nutrient composition and fermentation properties in abalone mul-kimchi using dried pollack stock (AMKP) and licorice stock (AMKL) during storage at 4 o C for 35 days. The levels of moisture (88.37-90.94%) and crude ash (2%) did not differ much between AMKP and AMKL during the 35 days of storage. But crude protein and crude lipid levels decreased gradually until 21 days of storage. AMKP and AMKL fermentation during 21 days led to a decrease in pH, increased acidity, and the highest Leuconostoc sp. count. AMKP and AMKL showed acidity of 0.50% at pH 4.30, when the kimchi samples were ripened properly. Glutamic acid showed the highest content in AMKP and AMKL, and hydroxypoline was the most abundant of all free amino acids. We have provided basic data for commodification research on abalone mul-kimchi.

Dioxinodehydroeckol Enhances the Differentiation of Osteoblasts by Regulating the Expression of Phospho-Smad1/5/8.

Lack of bone formation-related health problems are a major problem for the aging population in the modern world. As a part of the ongoing trend of developing natural substances that attenuate osteoporotic bone loss conditions, dioxinodehydroeckol (DHE) from edible brown alga Ecklonia cava was tested for its effects on osteoblastogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. DHE was observed to successfully enhance osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by elevated cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, intracellular cell mineralization, along with raised levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators at the concentration of 20 μM. Results suggested a possible intervening of DHE on the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, according to elevated protein levels of BMP-2, collagen-I, and Smads. In addition, the presence of DHE was also able to raise the phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) levels which are also activated by the BMP signaling pathway. In conclusion, DHE is suggested to be a potential bioactive compound against bone loss that could enhance osteoblastogenesis with a suggested BMP pathway interaction.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Heterocarpin from the Salt Marsh Plant Corydalis heterocarpa in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

The inhibitory effect of three chromones 1–3 and two coumarins 4–5 on the production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among the compounds tested heterocarpin (1), a furochromone, significantly inhibited its production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, heterocarpin suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and expression of cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Whitening effects of 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol isolated from water boiled with Hizikia fusiformis

Isolation of phenolic compounds from water boiled with Hizikia fusiformis and purificartrion of the extracts from solvent fractions was achieved using column chromatography. The simple phenolic compound, 4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (4-HPEA) with an elemental composition C8H10O2 was identified on the basis of spectroscopic data. The whitening effects of 4-HPEA, inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, and inhibitory activity against melanin production in B16 melanoma cells were evaluated using an in vitro assay system. The whitening effect of 4-HPEA was also measured using a colorimeter and visual assessment of UVB induced hyperpigmentation of brown guinea pig skin. Topical application of 4-HPEA promoted depigmentation of UVB-induced hyperpigmented spots. 4-HPEA has a potential for use as a safe and effective ingredient for whitening in cosmetic and medical applications.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of By-Products from Haliotis discus hannai in RAW 264.7 Cells

Several reports promoted the potential of shellfish due to their ability to act as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agents. Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai viscera is, reported to possess bioactivities such as antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory. In this study, anti-inflammatory potential of mucus-secreting glands from shell-shucking waste of H. discus hannai was evaluated using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell model. Results indicated that presence of H. discus hannai mucosubstance by-products (AM) significantly lowered the nitric oxide (NO) production along the expressional suppression of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and enzymes iNOS and COX-2. Also, AM was shown to increase expression of anti-inflammatory response mediator HO-1. Presence of AM also scavenged the free radicals in vitro. In conclusion, by-products of H. discus hannai are suggested to possess notable anti-inflammatory potential which promotes the possibility of utilization as functional food ingredient.

Nutrient Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Seokbakji Supplemented with Seafood

We investigated changes in the nutrient compositions of seokbakji supplemented with seafood during storage at 5 o C for 14 days. We added the seafood at a concentration of 10% (w/w) to salted radish and prepared seokbakji samples. Our results showed that the levels of moisture, crude lipids, crude ash, carbohydrates, and crude fibers did not differ markedly among the samples. However, the level of crude protein in seokbakji with added seafood was greater than that in control seokbakji. The highest level of Ca and P was determined in seokbakji supplemented with gizzard shad; the highest level of vitamin B2 was determined in seokbakji supplemented with sandfish, and the highest vitamin C content was determined in seokbakji supplemented with small octopus. Glutamic acid showed the highest content in seokbakji with seafood; further, hydroxyproline was the most abundant free amino acid. The results of sensory evaluation showed higher scores in the overall acceptability of seokbakji with seafood than in control seokbakji.

Physicochemical Composition and Fermentation Conditions of Sliced, Dried Radish Kimchi with Flying Fish Roe

Mi-Soon Jang*, Hee-Yeon Park, Ki-Ho Nam, and Min Jeong KimFood and Safety Research Division, National Fisheries Research & Development InstituteAbstract This study was conducted to compare the physicochemical composition and fermentation conditions of sliced,dried radish kimchi with flying fish roe (DFFR). The levels of crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash in DFFR werehigher than those in sliced, dried radish kimchi without flying fish roe (control). DFFR also contained higher levels of Feand Ca, compared to the control. The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of DFFR and control was 5.63 and 2.64 mg/100 g, respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and DHA contents in DFFR were approximately 5 and 23 times higherthan those in the control, respectively. The major free amino acids contained in these samples were arginine, proline,alanine, leucine, and valine. The number of cells belonging to the Leuconostoc species in DFFR was higher than that inthe control. In sensory evaluation studies, DFFR scored the highest in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, and texture.Keywords: sliced, dried radish kimchi, flying fish roe, physicochemical composition, fermentationThis study was conducted to compare the physicochemical composition and fermentation conditions of sliced, dried radish kimchi with flying fish roe (DFFR). The levels of crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash in DFFR were higher than those in sliced, dried radish kimchi without flying fish roe (control). DFFR also contained higher levels of Fe and Ca, compared to the control. The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of DFFR and control was 5.63 and 2.64 ㎎/100 g, respectively. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and DHA contents in DFFR were approximately 5 and 23 times higher than those in the control, respectively. The major free amino acids contained in these samples were arginine, proline, alanine, leucine, and valine. The number of cells belonging to the Leuconostoc species in DFFR was higher than that in the control. In sensory evaluation studies, DFFR scored the highest in terms of appearance, flavor, taste, and texture.

MMP-Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoid Glycosides from Edible Medicinal Halophyte Limonium tetragonum

Limonium tetragonum has been well-known for its antioxidative properties as a halophyte. This study investigated the antimetastasis effect of solvent-partitioned L. tetragonum extracts (LTEs) and isolated compounds on HT1080 mouse melanoma cell model with a focus on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and TIMP and MAPK pathways. Upregulation and stimulation of MMPs result in elevated degradation of extracellular matrix which is part of several complications such as metastasis, cirrhosis, and arthritis. The anti-MMP capacity of LTEs was confirmed by their MMP-inhibitory effects, regulation of MMP and TIMP expression, and suppression of MAPK pathway. Among all tested LTEs, 85% aq. MeOH and n-BuOH were found to be most active fractions which later yielded two known flavonoid glycosides, myricetin 3-galactoside and quercetin 3-o-beta-galactopyranoside. Anti-MMP potential of the compounds was confirmed by their ability to regulate MMP expression through inhibited MAPK pathway activation. These results suggested that L. tetragonum might serve as a potential source of bioactive substances with effective anti-MMP properties.