Kian Meng Yap

The effect of probe interval estimation on attack detection performance of a WLAN independent intrusion detection system

A new niche of densely populated, unprotected networks is becoming more prevalent in public areas such as Shopping Malls, defined here as independent open-access networks, which have attributes that make attack detection more challenging than in typical enterprise networks. To address these challenges, new detection systems which do not rely on knowledge of internal device state are investigated here. This paper shows that this lack of state information requires an additional metric (The exchange timeout window) for detection of WLAN Denial of Service Probe Flood attacks. Variability in this metric has a significant influence on the ability of a detection system to reliably detect the presence of attacks. A parameter selection method is proposed which is shown to provide reliability and repeatability in attack detection in WLANs. Results obtained from ongoing live trials are presented that demonstrate the importance of accurately estimating probe request and probe response timeouts in future Independent Intrusion Detection Systems. (6 pages)

Impact of Metric Selection on Wireless DeAuthentication DoS Attack Performance

DeAuthentication Denial of Service attacks in Public Access WiFi operate by exploiting the lack of authentication of management frames in the 802.11 protocol. Detection of these attacks rely almost exclusively on the selection of appropriate thresholds. In this work the authors demonstrate that there are additional, previously unconsidered, metrics which also influence DoS detection performance. A method of systematically tuning these metrics to optimal values is proposed which ensures that parameter choices are repeatable and verifiable.

3D Smart User Interactive System with Real-Time Responding Tele-Robotic Proprioceptive Information

Feedback of proprioceptive information is essential for many tele-robotic systems, especially those designed to undertake tasks concerning hazardous environments and for efficient out-of-sight remote control applications. Given highly sensitive nature of these applications, even small errors (e.g. less than one degree of displacement in robot posture) can cause unnecessary risk. Thus, accurate feedback of proprioceptive information, as well as a technique to precisely interpret this information, is significant to operator. In this paper, we introduce a framework that uses pulse feedback mechanism to measure the proprioceptive information of a robot operating over real-time wireless communication and represent it in 3D model user interface. The 3D user interface enhances the interpretation of proprioceptive information to help operator to visualize the real-time relative position of the robot. The paper also provides results that demonstrate how the framework allows synchronization between 3D model and tele-robot to be achieved in real-time over wireless communications.

An Airflow Analysis Study of Quadrotor Based Flying Sniffer Robot

Wheeled based sniffer robots have been using in current research trend of odor plume tracking, but they have a serious pitfall because they only perform2D odor plume tracking which is ineffective. The main reason of being ineffective is because wheeled sniffer robots ignore the fact that the majority of odor plumes are released into 3D space instead of 2D space. Therefore, a flying sniffer robot is needed to overcome 3D odor plume tracking problem. In this paper, we propose to use a quadrotor as the locomotion of a flying sniffer robot. In order to make sure the quadrotor based flying sniffer robot can perform well in odor plumes tracking, we have carried out a detail study in airflow simulation analysis by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Besides, we also conducted experiments to determine the odor sensing ability of quadrotor based flying sniffer robot. From our experiments, we are able to identify the odor sensing region of quadrotor based flying sniffer robot in quantitative measurement. From airflow analysis simulation study and experiments, we proved that a quadrotor based flying sniffer robot is a feasible solution for 3D odor plume tracking.

HABOS: Towards a platform of haptic-audio based online shopping for the visually impaired

As more and more retailers offer their products for sale online, their web-based content is becoming increasingly visual and complex for visually impaired persons to access, navigate, and interpret when using current accessibility technologies such as screen reader, voice browser and Braille display. This hindered their independence to go online to shop. In this paper, a study on whether visually impaired people can shop online independently is presented. An online store prototype which has shopping features such as shopping cart, product catalogue, online forms and payment system was developed for this purpose. The shopping features were designed to enrich the web-based data with haptic and audio properties. This paper examined and reported results on a website design which could enable the visually impaired to navigate, access, interpret and haptically interact with the web content; and on a product catalogue system which could enable the visually impaired to shop without assistance. Some of our qualitative analysis suggests that a consistent three-section webpage design with static content along with the aid of directional cues and audio information are feasible to design online shopping website for visually impaired. Also, for effective haptic evaluation of online products, the complete model and different parts of the model should be rendered separately in order to provide the user with a better perception about the product.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of Route-Over and Mesh-Under Routing Schemes in 6LoWPAN

6L0WPAN is an IPv6 adaptation layer that defines Internet Protocols over low power, low data rate devices such as IEEE 802.15.4. It is difficult to implement because the size of IPv6 packet is much larger than the packet size of IEEE 802.15.4 data link layer. In order to solve this problem, the IETF 6LoWPAN working group introduces the adaptation layer between network and data link layers. It provides header compression to reduce transmission overhead, fragmentation and reassembly of IPv6 packet. In addition, the routing schemes in 6LoWPAN can be divided into two categories: mesh-under and route-over. The main difference between these two schemes depends on how the packets or fragments are processed before being forwarded. In this paper, we present an analysis between these two routing schemes and comparing their IP packet successful transmission probabilities. Moreover, while the number of competing nodes increases, the probability of successful transmission will decrease due to the CSMA/CA mechanism.

A network-adaptive compensation technique for tele-haptics using position prediction algorithm

Haptic interfaces have been applied as controllers in many areas especially tele-operation and distributed virtual environments. They are used to manipulate objects in both physical and virtual environments. Haptics enhance force interactions and provides a better immersive user experience. Moreover haptic devices inherently function in close proximity to humans. In the case of network-based haptic control, the network criteria for stability in haptic interactions are much more sophisticated than that for tethered devices and the kinematic and force data are required to be transferred over communication link within a stringent time. Otherwise, users may feel unexpected vibration or abrupt force even when the device is in free motion. This is mainly due to position de-synchronization between local and remote environments. This paper addresses position synchronization which is the essential problem to lose stability of haptic experience under the influence of network and system impairments. A novel encoder referencing position synchronization algorithm is proposed in order to compensate the network latency and packet loss over network. This has been successfully tested under influence of the network impairment and low transmission rates.

Supporting Collaborative Interaction with Real Time Force Feedback in Distributed Haptic Virtual Environments over IP Networks

This paper presents an investigation into a new peer-to-peer network architecture for real time tele-haptic operation in distributed virtual environments (DVEs). A novel force collaboration and position synchronization algorithm is developed in order to support networked haptic interactions. Network impairments such as time delay, jitter and packet loss each have different (and severe) impacts on remote haptic collaborations. The new peer-to-peer architecture is able to support haptic interactions over IP networkes. Experiments have been conducted to show the performance of this architecutre in comparison with the currently available two algorithms that compensate for delay (TiDeC™), and position (dead reckoning) are examined. Experiments have been conducted to investigate the threshold levels of QoS required for networked haptic collaboration. Findings of the study are presented in this paper with recommendations for a set of network QoS parameter values that support haptic collaboration over IP networks.

Chemical plume tracing: A three-dimensional technique for quadrotors by considering the altitude control of the robot in the casting stage

Most of the reported three-dimensional chemical plume tracing methods use stereo sensing method to determine the next tracing step direction. For example, multiple sensors are used for detection in the left, right, up and down directions. Left and right detections are feasible for stereo sniffing; unfortunately, the same approach is infeasible for the up/down sensing of the quadrotor platforms because the propellers of the quadrotor continuously draw the air from the top and bring it down, which affects the sensing of the upper and lower sensors, and fails to determine the subsequent tracing step of up/down direction. Therefore, up/down sensing in the surging stage of chemical plume tracing is ineffective for quadrotor platforms (chemical plume tracing has two stages: surging and casting). To solve the problem, we propose an alternative that is not in the surging but in the casting stage of chemical plume tracing, by designing a new three-dimensional chemical plume tracing technique with variations of altitude (z-axis) control during the casting stage, which has never been considered in the previous works. Besides, we use a computational fluid dynamics software to study the airflow pattern of quadrotor platform. Subsequently, a fuzzy-based stereo-sniffing algorithm is developed by considering the quadrotor propeller’s air intake stream angle associated with the environmental wind direction angle, so as to improve the accuracy of stereo sensing. The results of the proposed solutions are verified and validated via both experimental and simulation approaches.

HABOS: an exploratory study of haptic-audio based online shopping for the visually impaired

The rapid expansion of the Internet and electronic commerce has encouraged many consumers to buy a variety of products online. However, due to the poor accessibility of online Web sites, visually impaired do not shop online or if they do, they often request help from sighted people. An online store prototype which has shopping features such as product catalogue, shopping cart and payment system was developed for this study. The system also includes a hapticaudio enabled browser to enable the visually impaired to receive force feedback via a haptic device for product evaluation and utilize voice command to interact with the system. This paper examined and reported results on the feasibility of a design suitable for the visually impaired to navigate, interact and access web content; a multimodal product presentation; and a haptic-audio interface for product evaluation. Some of our qualitative analysis suggests that a three-section product catalogue design with directed dialogue, directional cues, audio information and a haptic-audio enabled browser is feasible for the visually impaired to browse, interact, select and haptically evaluate online products.