Kieran P. Donaghy

Do Plans Matter? A Game-Theoretic Model for Examining the Logic and Effects of Land Use Planning

Although state and local growth management programs vary widely, nearly all such programs include one common feature: they require local governments to plan. While there has been extensive research on the effects of growth management in general and on specific policy instruments to manage urban growth there has been little research on the effects of planning. In this paper we present a game-theoretic model of urban development in which a rational local government plans. The model illustrates how planning can serve to guide local government decision making, how land market participants might respond to local government plans, and how planning in a dynamic context can increase social welfare. By considering local government as a player who plans rather than as an external disturbance that might regulate, we can discover insights and frame hypotheses about the efficacy of planning that are not possible in other urban economic models.

Coherentist Theories of Planning are Possible and Useful

Mandelbaum argued against the possibility of a complete general theory of planning set out along the lines of a generalist, a priori, covering-law model. In this article we draw on Miller and Hurley to elaborate a coherentist approach to planning theories that achieves some of the aspirations Mandelbaum sought for a general theory. We argue that this perspective is more inclusive, vis-à-vis what can count as theory for planning, and widens the circle of intellectual conversations in which productive disagreements on points of theory can be sustained. We show how the coherentist approach is useful in focusing the attention of planning theorists on productive inquiry. Finally, by analogy, we argue that a coherentist attitude toward how plans can and should be made and used in particular situations is more useful than the traditional approach of comprehensive plans.

Social dimensions of sustainable transport : transatlantic perspectives

Contents: Social dimensions of sustainable transport: Introduction and overview Society, behaviour, and private/public transport: trends and prospects in transition economies of central and eastern Europe Society, behaviour, and private/public transport: trends and prospects in North America Transport and social exclusion in Europe and the USA Mobility issues in the United States and Europe The effect of demographic shifts on non-automobile transportation needs of the elderly Social networks and travel: some hypotheses Accessibility and quality of life: time-geographic perspectives An analysis of the effects of urban land use on transportation A new research agenda for modelling travel choice and behaviour Transportation and equity The implementation of walking and cycling policies Index.

Societal trends, mobility behaviour and sustainable transport in Europe and North America

It is increasingly evident that modern lifestyles in affluent societies, and the mobility behaviour associated with such lifestyles, are not consistent with the protection of environmental quality, the efficient use of resources, and the promotion of social cohesion and just distributions of opportunities and costs of using transport systems. This paper examines social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective. Significant societal trends are surveyed and their implications for mobility behaviour are drawn. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The paper takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport.

Historical changes in the food and water supply systems of the New York City Metropolitan Area

The history of New York City (NYC) is much shorter than those of most European cities, but New York shares in common the problem of providing sufficient water and food to its inhabitants from its watershed and foodshed. These resource provision areas have grown over time and changed in character as they expanded in tandem with the growth of the city. In contrast to some cities, such as Paris, which historically has been supported by local food production, NYC’s status as a trade center has enabled the supply of food from distant sources from early in its history. NYC’s transportation system has rapidly evolved from early roads to canals, railroads, and modern surface and air transport networks. The development of the hydraulic engineering of the City’s reservoir, aqueduct, and tunnel system determined the extent of its water supply watersheds. Deviations from general growth trends in food and water consumption have occurred due to environmental and economic disruptions. As the growth of the city slowed in the last few decades, environmental technology has reduced the impact of the City on its environment, due to water metering, reduction of leakage, and improvements in waste treatment. However, per capita food consumption in the US continues to increase, with implications for the environmental health of New York and its region, as well as other centers of net anthropogenic nutrient inputs.

MANAGING CONGESTION, POLLUTION, AND PAVEMENT CONDITIONS IN A DYNAMIC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK MODEL

This paper presents a dynamic model that characterizes the changing states of traffic volumes, design capacities, and pavement conditions in a transportation network’s major commuting arteries. It also portrays the evolution of two system-wide effects—total vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions—and accounts for lagged adjustments in travel behavior in its disequilibrium formulation. The model can be employed in optimal control exercises to determine what steps ought to be taken, when and where, and by how much in order to achieve planning objectives. Specifically, the model can be used to determine optimal combinations of traffic demand management measures, lane widening, and highway maintenance for achieving desired peak-period congestion levels, reducing VMT and VOC emissions to levels mandated by the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), and keeping pavement conditions at acceptable serviceability ratings. Information on intertemporal tradeoffs between planning objectives, now required by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), is generated in solutions to such exercises. We discuss how the model can be operationalized and illustrate its practicability with a small empirical example.

Modeling Unexpected Events in Temporally Disaggregated Econometric Input-Output Models of Regional Economies

Abstract Discrete-time econometric input–output models of regional economies, such as Regional Econometric Input–Output Models (REIMs), have been used to examine the impacts over time of unexpected (and usually extreme) events. Analyses carried out with such models have been limited, in part, because of their temporal orientation and their somewhat a-theoretical specification. In this paper we review how REIMs can accommodate disequilibrium adjustments in economies to unexpected events and then discuss analytical contributions made by sequential interindustry models (SIMs) before presenting the case for using continuous-time formulations of REIMs to capture both events with impacts over periods that are shorter than the observation/solution interval of the model and nonlinear continuous event recovery processes.

Globalization and regional economic modeling

Globalization and Regional Economic Modeling: Analytical and Methodological Challenges.- Globalization and Regional Economic Modeling: Analytical and Methodological Challenges.- Advances in the Analysis of the Effects of Globalization on Regional Economies.- Technology, Information and the Geography of Global and Regional Trade.- Transport, Globalization and the Changing Concept of the Region.- ICT, the New Economy and Growth: The Potential for Emerging Markets.- The Aging of the Labor Force and Globalization.- The Role of Intraindustry Trade in Interregional Trade in the Midwest of the US.- Globalization, Regional Economic Policy and Research.- Methodological Advances-Models of Networks.- Globalization and Intermodal Transportation: Modeling Terminal Locations Using a Three-Spatial Scales Framework.- The Evolution of OECD ICT Inter-Cluster Networks 1970-2000: An Input-Output Study of Changes in the Interdependencies Between Nine OECD Economies.- The Co-Evolution and Emergence of Integrated International Financial Networks and Social Networks: Theory, Analysis, and Computations.- Methodological Advances-General Equilibrium Models.- Regional Adjustment to Globalization: A CGE Analytical Framework.- Modeling Small Area Economic Change in Conjunction with a Multiregional CGE Model.- Impact Assessment of Clean Development Mechanisms in a General Spatial Equilibrium Context.- An Environmental Socioeconomic Framework Model for Adapting to Climate Change in China.- Methodological Advances-Econometric Models.- Effects of Trade on Emissions in an Enlarged European Union: Some Comparative Dynamics Analyses with an Empirically Based Endogenous Growth Model.- Modeling Globalization: A Spatial Econometric Analysis.- Risk and Growth: Theoretical Relationships and Preliminary Estimates for South Africa.

Nonlinear regional economic dynamics: continuous-time specification, estimation and stability analysis

This paper presents an innovative approach to the study of regional economic dynamics within a nonlinear continuous-time econometric framework—a generalized specification of the Lotka–Volterra system of equations. This specification, which accounts for interdependent behavior of three industrial sectors and spillover effects of activities in neighboring regions, is employed in an analysis of five Italian regions between 1980 and 2003. For these regions, we report estimation results, characterize the varying systems dynamics, analyze the models’ local and global stability properties, and determine via sensitivity analyses which structural features appear to exert the greatest influence on these properties.

Societal trends, mobility behaviour and sustainable transport in Europe and North America: the European Union network STELLA

This contribution introduces the work of the European Union network Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons to America (STELLA) in the first section and examines especially social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport from a transatlantic perspective in the second section. One of the most significant societal trends, the ageing of societies, is surveyed and its implications for mobility behaviour are shown. The sustainability of this behaviour is considered along with constraints and drivers of this behaviour in Europe and North America. The contribution takes up relevant policy issues and concludes with a discussion of a transatlantic research agenda on social and behavioural aspects of sustainable transport especially concerning the elderly.