Kijun Han

An Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Position Information in Mobile Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks

In recent years, interests in the application of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) have grown considerably. Wireless Body Area Sensor networks consist of fixed sensor nodes. Sometimes, creating such a fixed sensor networks could be a daunting task. Wireless Body Area Sensor nodes assume deploying a stationary sensor network over a human body area. Even if an advanced method to make the deployment safer is used, diverse element will cause a coverage holes. Even though perfect coverage can be achieved initially, various factors such as body movements will certainly degrade network coverage as time goes on. However, mobile wireless body area sensor networks can solve some of the problems. Some node of mobile wireless body area sensor network has mobility. Mobility reinforces fault-tolerance and the scalability of the network. But conventional sensor routing protocols find it hard to deal with the mobile wireless body area sensor networks. Therefore, this study suggests an energy efficient routing scheme by using the location information of a global positioning system (GPS) and the energy levels of sensor nodes.

Internet of Things Based Energy Aware Smart Home Control System

The concept of smart home is widely favored, as it enhances the lifestyle of the residents involving multiple disciplines, i.e., lighting, security, and much more. As the smart home networks continue to grow in size and complexity, it is essential to address a handful among the myriads of challenges related to data loss due to the interference and efficient energy management. In this paper, we propose a smart home control system using a coordinator-based ZigBee networking. The working of the proposed system is three fold: smart interference control system controls the interference caused due to the co-existence of IEEE 802.11x-based wireless local area networks and wireless sensor networks; smart energy control system is developed to integrate sunlight with light source and optimizes the energy consumption of the household appliances by controlling the unnecessary energy demands; and smart management control system to efficiently control the operating time of the electronic appliances. The performance of the proposed smart home is testified through computer simulation. Simulation results show that the proposed smart home system is less affected by the interference and efficient in reducing the energy consumption of the appliances used in a smart home.

Semantic Interoperability in Heterogeneous IoT Infrastructure for Healthcare

Interoperability remains a significant burden to the developers of Internet of Things’ Systems. This is due to the fact that the IoT devices are highly heterogeneous in terms of underlying communication protocols, data formats, and technologies. Secondly due to lack of worldwide acceptable standards, interoperability tools remain limited. In this paper, we proposed an IoT based Semantic Interoperability Model (IoT-SIM) to provide Semantic Interoperability among heterogeneous IoT devices in healthcare domain. Physicians communicate their patients with heterogeneous IoT devices to monitor their current health status. Information between physician and patient is semantically annotated and communicated in a meaningful way. A lightweight model for semantic annotation of data using heterogeneous devices in IoT is proposed to provide annotations for data. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a semantic web framework that is used to relate things using triples to make it semantically meaningful. RDF annotated patients’ data has made it semantically interoperable. SPARQL query is used to extract records from RDF graph. For simulation of system, we used Tableau, Gruff-6.2.0, and Mysql tools.

An Optimized Network Selection and Handover Triggering Scheme for Heterogeneous Self-Organized Wireless Networks

Optimizing the balance between different handover parameters for network selection is one of the challenging tasks for seamless communication in heterogeneous networks. Traditional approaches for network selection are mostly based on the Receive Signal Strength (RSS) from the Point of Attachment (PoA) of a network. Most of these schemes are suffered from high handover delay, false handover indications, and inappropriate network selection for handover. To address these problems, we present an optimized network selection scheme based on the speed of a mobile node. A mechanism based on two different thresholds on the speed of a Mobile Node (MN) is integrated in the proposed scheme. If the speed of an MN is greater than any of the threshold, the MN performs handover to a particular network. We employ Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) in the proposed scheme to select the best PoA of the selected network. Similarly, to deal with false handover indications, we proposed an optimized handover triggering technique. We compare our proposed scheme with existing schemes in context of energy consumption for scanning, frequent and failed handovers, packet loss ratio, and handover delay. The proposed scheme shows superior performance and it outperforms existing schemes used for similar purpose. Moreover, simulation results show the accuracy and performance of the proposed scheme.

Performance analysis of device discovery of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) networks

Abstract Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology has opened a whole new dimension of single-hop wireless communication technology due to its inexpensive and low-power properties. This technology makes it possible for a large number of devices to be connected to the Internet of Things. The BLE mechanism is clearly defined by the standard, however, there is room for improvements in some aspects of the technology such as the discovery process. Although the discovery process of traditional Bluetooth architecture has been intensively investigated through analytical and simulation models over the years, it cannot be applied to the BLE technology because of many changes introduced in the design of the BLE. Recently, there have been several works for performance evaluation of BLE discovery process, but they are not still thorough enough in providing a holistic analysis of the BLE. This has motivated our study for more accurate modeling of the BLE discovery process. Our work focuses on developing an analytical model and carrying out intensive simulations to investigate discovery probability and quantitative examination of the influence of parameter settings on the discovery latency and the energy performance metric of the discovery process.

A REST-based industrial web of things’ framework for smart warehousing

A Web-oriented architecture using REST framework is proposed to enable warehouse objects to communicate over the Web. In the proposed mechanism, the smart warehouse consists of a data collection module and an administrative module. The former includes a collection of radio-frequency identification sensors to read RFID tags of the products, wireless sensors for operational data collection, and the actuators. It is responsible for the data collection process of products and goods stored in the warehouse as well as the collection of operational parameters, i.e. temperature, humidity, air quality, and pressure. The latter acts as the brain of the smart warehouse by processing data, organizing data, generating events, and executing actions. The warehouse user is provided with the environment to control the functionality of various sensors, things, appliances, and HAVC system of warehouse through the Web. An event decision system is built on top of the Web architecture to control real-time processing of the sensors, things, etc. In the proposed architecture, the smart gateway consists of two layers, namely transport module (TM) and device service module (DSM). The combination of TM and DSM creates the device controller for embedded devices operating on proprietary protocols. The proposed system is simulated and evaluated in various scenarios in context of discovery time, response time, and transmission failure. Its effect is seen in the form of improved performance of warehouse in quick interaction and in high accuracy as well.

A Web of Things-Based Emerging Sensor Network Architecture for Smart Control Systems

The Web of Things (WoT) plays an important role in the representation of the objects connected to the Internet of Things in a more transparent and effective way. Thus, it enables seamless and ubiquitous web communication between users and the smart things. Considering the importance of WoT, we propose a WoT-based emerging sensor network (WoT-ESN), which collects data from sensors, routes sensor data to the web, and integrate smart things into the web employing a representational state transfer (REST) architecture. A smart home scenario is introduced to evaluate the proposed WoT-ESN architecture. The smart home scenario is tested through computer simulation of the energy consumption of various household appliances, device discovery, and response time performance. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly optimizes the energy consumption of the household appliances and the response time of the appliances.

Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies, Architecture, and Challenges

ABSTRACT Internet of Things (IoT) has become a continuously growing concept with the advancements of ubiquitous computing, wireless sensor networks, and machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. IoT connects heterogeneous physical devices and enables communication among them over the Internet via uniquely addressable identifiers. This paper delivers an overview of IoT in the context of the architecture and related technologies. However, IoT does not adhere to a universal architecture. Hence, it describes widely accepted architectural designs, further elaborated with the corresponding communication protocols and standards. Moreover, highly prevalent protocols and standards are summarized, so that the reader can gain an overall view of IoT. Furthermore, it describes some identified solutions and future directions towards overcoming the challenges present in the IoT paradigm. Finally, the paper concludes with some applications of IoT, in order to realize the feasibility of IoT concept in real-world scenarios.

A Review of Handover Techniques in Wireless Ad hoc Networks Based on IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover Standard

ABSTRACT The advancement of new technologies such as LTE-Advanced, WiMAX rel 2, and IEEE 802.11ac standards provides high data rate for mobile users across heterogeneous networks. The increase in data rate also provides support for multimedia and real-time applications. In order to provide better services and uninterrupted connection, a generalized connectivity must be provided to the mobile user across these technologies. In this article, we survey different techniques used to modify the existing Media Independent Handover standard of the IEEE 802.21 and how they reduce handover delay across heterogeneous networks. Furthermore, different parameters such as receive signal strength (RSS), signal-to-interference and noise ratio, data rate, bandwidth, energy consumption, user preferences, cost, and speed of a mobile node are taken into consideration which directly and indirectly affect a handover management process in heterogeneous wireless networks.

Big Data Analytics Embedded Smart City Architecture for Performance Enhancement through Real-Time Data Processing and Decision-Making

The concept of the smart city is widely favored, as it enhances the quality of life of urban citizens, involving multiple disciplines, that is, smart community, smart transportation, smart healthcare, smart parking, and many more. Continuous growth of the complex urban networks is significantly challenged by real-time data processing and intelligent decision-making capabilities. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a smart city framework based on Big Data analytics. The proposed framework operates on three levels: data generation and acquisition level collecting heterogeneous data related to city operations, data management and processing level filtering, analyzing, and storing data to make decisions and events autonomously, and application level initiating execution of the events corresponding to the received decisions. In order to validate the proposed architecture, we analyze a few major types of dataset based on the proposed three-level architecture. Further, we tested authentic datasets on Hadoop ecosystem to determine the threshold and the analysis shows that the proposed architecture offers useful insights into the community development authorities to improve the existing smart city architecture.